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Regulatory role of permanent gullies in dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus transport under different rainfall types.

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Title: Regulatory role of permanent gullies in dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus transport under different rainfall types.
Authors: Chen, Zhuoxin1,2 (AUTHOR), Guo, Mingming2 (AUTHOR) guomingming@iga.ac.cn, Wang, Lixin2,3,4 (AUTHOR), Liu, Xin2 (AUTHOR), Jian, Jinshi1 (AUTHOR), Chen, Qiang5 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Xingyi2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Hydrology & Earth System Sciences. 2026, Vol. 30 Issue 10, p3351-3366. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Nonpoint source pollution, *Rainfall, *Agricultural pollution, *Nutrient cycles, *Rainfall anomalies
Abstract: Understanding how permanent gullies regulate the transport of dissolved ammonium (NH 4+), nitrate (NO 3-), and phosphorus (P) in runoff delivered from agricultural hillslopes under different rainfall types is essential for controlling non-point source pollution in agroecosystems. In this study, we selected two agricultural catchments, each containing a single permanent gully, and monitored runoff at the gully head and the gully outlet during the rainy seasons of 2022 and 2023. Runoff samples were filtered through 0.45 µ m membrane filters and analyzed for dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P concentrations, and the corresponding nutrient transport fluxes were then calculated. Based on event-scale rainfall characteristics, including rainfall depth, duration, average intensity, maximum 30 min intensity, and erosivity, rainfall events were classified using the k-means method to examine how different rainfall types influenced the role of gullies in the transport of dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P. The results showed that: (1) Gullies significantly enhanced runoff generation, contributing 36.1 % of total runoff despite occupying only 12.4 % of the catchment area. This contribution varied across rainfall types (Type A: frequent, low-depth, low-erosivity; Type B: short-duration, high-intensity; Type C: long-duration, high-erosivity) and was highest under Type A (43.2 %) and lowest under Type C (33.8 %). (2) Gullies exerted a pronounced dilution effect on dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P concentrations, particularly on dissolved NO 3- (dilution ratio: 0.65). Consequently, the contribution of gullies to dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P transport fluxes was lower than that to runoff volume, accounting for 31.4 %, 22.4 %, and 31.1 % of dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P transport fluxes at the outlet, respectively. (3) Type C rainfall dominated the transport of dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P. Only 10.2 % of events contributed over 68 % of dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P transport fluxes at the catchment scale and markedly increased their transport sensitivity to rainfall compared to Type A and Type B. These sensitivities were also intensified by gullies. These findings highlight the importance of prioritizing permanent gullies and high-erosivity rainfall events in strategies to reduce dissolved nutrient losses from agricultural catchments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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An: 194401735
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Regulatory role of permanent gullies in dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus transport under different rainfall types.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Zhuoxin%22">Chen, Zhuoxin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guo%2C+Mingming%22">Guo, Mingming</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> guomingming@iga.ac.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Lixin%22">Wang, Lixin</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Xin%22">Liu, Xin</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jian%2C+Jinshi%22">Jian, Jinshi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Qiang%22">Chen, Qiang</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Xingyi%22">Zhang, Xingyi</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Hydrology+%26+Earth+System+Sciences%22">Hydrology & Earth System Sciences</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 30 Issue 10, p3351-3366. 16p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonpoint+source+pollution%22">Nonpoint source pollution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rainfall%22">Rainfall</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Agricultural+pollution%22">Agricultural pollution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nutrient+cycles%22">Nutrient cycles</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rainfall+anomalies%22">Rainfall anomalies</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Understanding how permanent gullies regulate the transport of dissolved ammonium (NH 4+), nitrate (NO 3-), and phosphorus (P) in runoff delivered from agricultural hillslopes under different rainfall types is essential for controlling non-point source pollution in agroecosystems. In this study, we selected two agricultural catchments, each containing a single permanent gully, and monitored runoff at the gully head and the gully outlet during the rainy seasons of 2022 and 2023. Runoff samples were filtered through 0.45 µ m membrane filters and analyzed for dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P concentrations, and the corresponding nutrient transport fluxes were then calculated. Based on event-scale rainfall characteristics, including rainfall depth, duration, average intensity, maximum 30 min intensity, and erosivity, rainfall events were classified using the k-means method to examine how different rainfall types influenced the role of gullies in the transport of dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P. The results showed that: (1) Gullies significantly enhanced runoff generation, contributing 36.1 % of total runoff despite occupying only 12.4 % of the catchment area. This contribution varied across rainfall types (Type A: frequent, low-depth, low-erosivity; Type B: short-duration, high-intensity; Type C: long-duration, high-erosivity) and was highest under Type A (43.2 %) and lowest under Type C (33.8 %). (2) Gullies exerted a pronounced dilution effect on dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P concentrations, particularly on dissolved NO 3- (dilution ratio: 0.65). Consequently, the contribution of gullies to dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P transport fluxes was lower than that to runoff volume, accounting for 31.4 %, 22.4 %, and 31.1 % of dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P transport fluxes at the outlet, respectively. (3) Type C rainfall dominated the transport of dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P. Only 10.2 % of events contributed over 68 % of dissolved NH 4+ , NO 3- , and P transport fluxes at the catchment scale and markedly increased their transport sensitivity to rainfall compared to Type A and Type B. These sensitivities were also intensified by gullies. These findings highlight the importance of prioritizing permanent gullies and high-erosivity rainfall events in strategies to reduce dissolved nutrient losses from agricultural catchments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.5194/hess-30-3351-2026
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 3351
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Nonpoint source pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rainfall
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Agricultural pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nutrient cycles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rainfall anomalies
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Regulatory role of permanent gullies in dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus transport under different rainfall types.
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            NameFull: Chen, Zhuoxin
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            NameFull: Guo, Mingming
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            NameFull: Wang, Lixin
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            NameFull: Jian, Jinshi
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            NameFull: Chen, Qiang
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              M: 05
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – TitleFull: Hydrology & Earth System Sciences
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