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Impact of the hopper-air and overfire-air distribution on the low-NO x combustion performance within a 600 MWe staged arch-firing furnace.

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Title: Impact of the hopper-air and overfire-air distribution on the low-NO x combustion performance within a 600 MWe staged arch-firing furnace.
Authors: Zhang, Qihao1 (AUTHOR), Kuang, Min1 (AUTHOR) kmwust2000@163.com, Cheng, Shuting1 (AUTHOR), Wu, Xiaoyang2 (AUTHOR), Ding, Guozhu2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energy & Environment. Jun2026, Vol. 37 Issue 4, p2290-2311. 22p.
Subject Terms: *Combustion efficiency, *Furnaces, *Abatement (Atmospheric chemistry), *Combustion engineering
Abstract: Within a 600 MWe staged arch-firing furnace (SAF) having the staged hopper air (HA) and overfire air (OFA) as its last two air-staging layers, the present attention was focused on evaluating the impact of the HA:OFA distribution and determining an appropriate HA:OFA ratio used to improve the hopper environment and low-NO x performance. Accordingly, by varying the HA:OFA distribution at a total air ratio of 31%, four HA:OFA ratio settings of 11:20, 13.5:17.5, 16:15, and 18.5:12.5 were formed to compare the in-furnace flow, coal combustion, and NO x emissions. With increasing the HA flux to raise the HA:OFA ratio, all of combustion symmetry, the downward flame penetration, and the HA's combustion-aided effect on char firstly improved and then weakened, the OFA penetration became shallower, and the high-temperature flame in the upper furnace extended. Final performance indexes showed that both NO x emissions and burnout loss first declined and then ascended, meaning a rise-to-drop trend in the low-NO x performance as deepening the HA:OFA ratio. Among the four settings, the moderate HA:OFA = 13.5:17.5 achieved the optimal indexes with NO x emission of 543 mg/m3 (6% O2) and carbon in fly ash of 4.89%. Compared with its previous reference furnace (holding levels of 905 mg/m3 and 5.1% respectively in the two index aspects), the SAF furnace using such a HA:OFA distribution mode reduced significantly NO x by 40%, improved a little burnout, and dropped apparently the hopper temperatures by 500 K to eliminate its high overheating risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194579929
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Impact of the hopper-air and overfire-air distribution on the low-NO <subscript>x</subscript> combustion performance within a 600 MW<subscript>e</subscript> staged arch-firing furnace.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Qihao%22">Zhang, Qihao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuang%2C+Min%22">Kuang, Min</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kmwust2000@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cheng%2C+Shuting%22">Cheng, Shuting</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Xiaoyang%22">Wu, Xiaoyang</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ding%2C+Guozhu%22">Ding, Guozhu</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energy+%26+Environment%22">Energy & Environment</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 37 Issue 4, p2290-2311. 22p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Combustion+efficiency%22">Combustion efficiency</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Furnaces%22">Furnaces</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Abatement+%28Atmospheric+chemistry%29%22">Abatement (Atmospheric chemistry)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Combustion+engineering%22">Combustion engineering</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Within a 600 MWe staged arch-firing furnace (SAF) having the staged hopper air (HA) and overfire air (OFA) as its last two air-staging layers, the present attention was focused on evaluating the impact of the HA:OFA distribution and determining an appropriate HA:OFA ratio used to improve the hopper environment and low-NO x performance. Accordingly, by varying the HA:OFA distribution at a total air ratio of 31%, four HA:OFA ratio settings of 11:20, 13.5:17.5, 16:15, and 18.5:12.5 were formed to compare the in-furnace flow, coal combustion, and NO x emissions. With increasing the HA flux to raise the HA:OFA ratio, all of combustion symmetry, the downward flame penetration, and the HA's combustion-aided effect on char firstly improved and then weakened, the OFA penetration became shallower, and the high-temperature flame in the upper furnace extended. Final performance indexes showed that both NO x emissions and burnout loss first declined and then ascended, meaning a rise-to-drop trend in the low-NO x performance as deepening the HA:OFA ratio. Among the four settings, the moderate HA:OFA = 13.5:17.5 achieved the optimal indexes with NO x emission of 543 mg/m3 (6% O2) and carbon in fly ash of 4.89%. Compared with its previous reference furnace (holding levels of 905 mg/m3 and 5.1% respectively in the two index aspects), the SAF furnace using such a HA:OFA distribution mode reduced significantly NO x by 40%, improved a little burnout, and dropped apparently the hopper temperatures by 500 K to eliminate its high overheating risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1177/0958305X241280085
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 2290
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Combustion efficiency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Furnaces
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Abatement (Atmospheric chemistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Combustion engineering
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Impact of the hopper-air and overfire-air distribution on the low-NO x combustion performance within a 600 MWe staged arch-firing furnace.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Zhang, Qihao
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          Name:
            NameFull: Kuang, Min
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Cheng, Shuting
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            NameFull: Wu, Xiaoyang
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          Name:
            NameFull: Ding, Guozhu
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 0958305X
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              Value: 37
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            – TitleFull: Energy & Environment
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