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Singular Perturbation-Based Capability-Aware Frequency Control for Microgrids with Ramp-Rate-Limited Generation.

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Title: Singular Perturbation-Based Capability-Aware Frequency Control for Microgrids with Ramp-Rate-Limited Generation.
Authors: Norouzi, Kamelia1 (AUTHOR), Xu, Hao2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Wenxin1 (AUTHOR) wel814@lehigh.edu
Source: Energies (19961073). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2632. 23p.
Subject Terms: *Microgrids, *Singular perturbations, *Power resources, *Frequency changers, *Synchronous generators, *Electric power production, *Stability theory, *Electric power systems
Abstract: This paper presents a capability-aware frequency control strategy for microgrids comprising a ramp-rate-limited synchronous generator (SG) and a bounded inverter-based resource (IBR). In contrast to conventional droop and virtual inertia methods, the proposed design activates IBR support according to whether the required power-rate exceeds the ramp-rate capability of synchronous generation. A smooth activation mechanism detects when the required power-ramp demand exceeds the SG ramp-rate limit. The IBR is then engaged to supply the excess ramping requirement while providing additional damping through frequency-deviation feedback. A two-timescale model is formulated, where the IBR power-tracking dynamics evolve on a fast boundary-layer timescale. In contrast, the SG regulation loop evolves on a slow electromechanical timescale. Using singular perturbation theory combined with Lyapunov and input-to-state stability (ISS) analysis, local practical stability of the closed-loop system is established for sufficiently fast IBR dynamics. The proposed framework yields a physically interpretable coordination mechanism that exploits the fast response of IBR without introducing artificial inertia or frequency-domain disturbance splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194588020
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Singular Perturbation-Based Capability-Aware Frequency Control for Microgrids with Ramp-Rate-Limited Generation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Norouzi%2C+Kamelia%22">Norouzi, Kamelia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Hao%22">Xu, Hao</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Wenxin%22">Liu, Wenxin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wel814@lehigh.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2632. 23p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microgrids%22">Microgrids</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Singular+perturbations%22">Singular perturbations</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Power+resources%22">Power resources</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Frequency+changers%22">Frequency changers</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Synchronous+generators%22">Synchronous generators</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+production%22">Electric power production</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stability+theory%22">Stability theory</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+systems%22">Electric power systems</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This paper presents a capability-aware frequency control strategy for microgrids comprising a ramp-rate-limited synchronous generator (SG) and a bounded inverter-based resource (IBR). In contrast to conventional droop and virtual inertia methods, the proposed design activates IBR support according to whether the required power-rate exceeds the ramp-rate capability of synchronous generation. A smooth activation mechanism detects when the required power-ramp demand exceeds the SG ramp-rate limit. The IBR is then engaged to supply the excess ramping requirement while providing additional damping through frequency-deviation feedback. A two-timescale model is formulated, where the IBR power-tracking dynamics evolve on a fast boundary-layer timescale. In contrast, the SG regulation loop evolves on a slow electromechanical timescale. Using singular perturbation theory combined with Lyapunov and input-to-state stability (ISS) analysis, local practical stability of the closed-loop system is established for sufficiently fast IBR dynamics. The proposed framework yields a physically interpretable coordination mechanism that exploits the fast response of IBR without introducing artificial inertia or frequency-domain disturbance splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=194588020
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19112632
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 23
        StartPage: 2632
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Microgrids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Singular perturbations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Power resources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Frequency changers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Synchronous generators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric power production
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stability theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric power systems
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Singular Perturbation-Based Capability-Aware Frequency Control for Microgrids with Ramp-Rate-Limited Generation.
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            NameFull: Norouzi, Kamelia
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            NameFull: Xu, Hao
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            NameFull: Liu, Wenxin
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 19961073
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              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 11
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
              Type: main
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