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Low-Energy Pretreatment of Organic Waste Using a Vortex Layer Reactor: Effects on Biogas Production, Carbon Conversion, and Process Optimization.

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Title: Low-Energy Pretreatment of Organic Waste Using a Vortex Layer Reactor: Effects on Biogas Production, Carbon Conversion, and Process Optimization.
Authors: Niemiec, Marcin1 (AUTHOR), Suder, Marcin2 (AUTHOR), Okręglicka, Małgorzata3 (AUTHOR) malgorzata.okreglicka@pcz.pl, Komorowska, Monika1,4 (AUTHOR), Syromiatnykov, Yurii4,5,6 (AUTHOR), Sikora, Jakub6,7 (AUTHOR), Jakóbik, Karolina2,7 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2732. 18p.
Subject Terms: *Biogas production, *Process optimization, *Chemical reactors, *Anaerobic digestion, *Energy conservation, *Organic waste recycling, *Energy consumption
Abstract: The sustainable management of agri-food waste is a key challenge in the context of the circular economy and energy transition. Anaerobic digestion is an effective method for converting organic waste into renewable energy; however, its efficiency is often limited by substrate properties, such as high lignin content, low biodegradability, and unfavorable C: N ratios. This study evaluates a low-energy pretreatment method based on a Vortex Layer Reactor (VLR, equivalent to the AVS-100 system) applied to slaughterhouse waste, swine manure, and spent mushroom substrate. The analysis included biogas yield, methane production, carbon conversion, process kinetics, and net energy efficiency. The results showed that pretreatment effectiveness depends on substrate type. No improvement was observed in slaughterhouse waste, with net energy efficiency decreasing by approximately 9%. In contrast, biogas yield increased by 14% for swine manure and 18% for spent mushroom substrate, with a maximum net energy gain of 17.6%. The process required only 2.16–3.6 kWh·Mg−1 (about 9 kWh·Mg−1 TS), significantly less than conventional methods. The findings indicate that pretreatment should be applied selectively, depending on substrate characteristics. This study supports decision-making in biogas plant management by integrating technological efficiency with energy and operational criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194588120
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Low-Energy Pretreatment of Organic Waste Using a Vortex Layer Reactor: Effects on Biogas Production, Carbon Conversion, and Process Optimization.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Niemiec%2C+Marcin%22">Niemiec, Marcin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suder%2C+Marcin%22">Suder, Marcin</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Okręglicka%2C+Małgorzata%22">Okręglicka, Małgorzata</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> malgorzata.okreglicka@pcz.pl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Komorowska%2C+Monika%22">Komorowska, Monika</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Syromiatnykov%2C+Yurii%22">Syromiatnykov, Yurii</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sikora%2C+Jakub%22">Sikora, Jakub</searchLink><relatesTo>6,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jakóbik%2C+Karolina%22">Jakóbik, Karolina</searchLink><relatesTo>2,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2732. 18p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biogas+production%22">Biogas production</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Process+optimization%22">Process optimization</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+reactors%22">Chemical reactors</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anaerobic+digestion%22">Anaerobic digestion</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+conservation%22">Energy conservation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organic+waste+recycling%22">Organic waste recycling</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The sustainable management of agri-food waste is a key challenge in the context of the circular economy and energy transition. Anaerobic digestion is an effective method for converting organic waste into renewable energy; however, its efficiency is often limited by substrate properties, such as high lignin content, low biodegradability, and unfavorable C: N ratios. This study evaluates a low-energy pretreatment method based on a Vortex Layer Reactor (VLR, equivalent to the AVS-100 system) applied to slaughterhouse waste, swine manure, and spent mushroom substrate. The analysis included biogas yield, methane production, carbon conversion, process kinetics, and net energy efficiency. The results showed that pretreatment effectiveness depends on substrate type. No improvement was observed in slaughterhouse waste, with net energy efficiency decreasing by approximately 9%. In contrast, biogas yield increased by 14% for swine manure and 18% for spent mushroom substrate, with a maximum net energy gain of 17.6%. The process required only 2.16–3.6 kWh·Mg−1 (about 9 kWh·Mg−1 TS), significantly less than conventional methods. The findings indicate that pretreatment should be applied selectively, depending on substrate characteristics. This study supports decision-making in biogas plant management by integrating technological efficiency with energy and operational criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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        Value: 10.3390/en19112732
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 2732
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Biogas production
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Process optimization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical reactors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anaerobic digestion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy conservation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Organic waste recycling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Low-Energy Pretreatment of Organic Waste Using a Vortex Layer Reactor: Effects on Biogas Production, Carbon Conversion, and Process Optimization.
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            NameFull: Niemiec, Marcin
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            NameFull: Syromiatnykov, Yurii
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 11
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            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
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