Water Potential in Frozen Soil.

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Bibliographic Details
Title: Water Potential in Frozen Soil.
Authors: Gou, Lingyun1 (AUTHOR) lgou4@wisc.edu, Likos, William J.2 (AUTHOR), Lu, Ning3 (AUTHOR) ninglu@mines.edu
Source: Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering. Aug2026, Vol. 152 Issue 8, p1-15. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Soil matric potential, *Solid-liquid interfaces, *Liquid films, *Clausius-Clapeyron relation, *Thermodynamics, *Soil porosity, *Frozen ground
Abstract: A thermodynamic framework is established for water potential in frozen soil. Unfrozen soil pore water and soil pore ice are conceived as intermolecular-scale open thermodynamic systems subject to external fields of gravity, osmosis, and adsorption. Two types of interfaces are considered: an interface between ice and capillary soil water, where the ice–water interface is curved, and an interface between ice and adsorbed soil water, where the ice–water interface is flat. Generality and consistency of the thermodynamic formulation are demonstrated by reduction to the Clapeyron equation, the Gibbs–Thomson equation, the generalized Clapeyron equation, and by direct comparison with premelting theory. The proposed framework predicts the existence of spatially variable pore water pressure in unfrozen water films and provides a mechanistic explanation for an increase in water viscosity within unfrozen water films. Applications to fundamental frozen soil behavior are demonstrated by developing a potential-based framework to predict the magnitude and evolution of unfrozen water film thickness for various soil types and to model the soil freezing characteristic curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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  Availability: 0
Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194606820
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Water Potential in Frozen Soil.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gou%2C+Lingyun%22">Gou, Lingyun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> lgou4@wisc.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Likos%2C+William+J%2E%22">Likos, William J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Ning%22">Lu, Ning</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ninglu@mines.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geotechnical+%26+Geoenvironmental+Engineering%22">Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering</searchLink>. Aug2026, Vol. 152 Issue 8, p1-15. 15p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+matric+potential%22">Soil matric potential</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solid-liquid+interfaces%22">Solid-liquid interfaces</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Liquid+films%22">Liquid films</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clausius-Clapeyron+relation%22">Clausius-Clapeyron relation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermodynamics%22">Thermodynamics</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+porosity%22">Soil porosity</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Frozen+ground%22">Frozen ground</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: A thermodynamic framework is established for water potential in frozen soil. Unfrozen soil pore water and soil pore ice are conceived as intermolecular-scale open thermodynamic systems subject to external fields of gravity, osmosis, and adsorption. Two types of interfaces are considered: an interface between ice and capillary soil water, where the ice–water interface is curved, and an interface between ice and adsorbed soil water, where the ice–water interface is flat. Generality and consistency of the thermodynamic formulation are demonstrated by reduction to the Clapeyron equation, the Gibbs–Thomson equation, the generalized Clapeyron equation, and by direct comparison with premelting theory. The proposed framework predicts the existence of spatially variable pore water pressure in unfrozen water films and provides a mechanistic explanation for an increase in water viscosity within unfrozen water films. Applications to fundamental frozen soil behavior are demonstrated by developing a potential-based framework to predict the magnitude and evolution of unfrozen water film thickness for various soil types and to model the soil freezing characteristic curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-15116
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Soil matric potential
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solid-liquid interfaces
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Liquid films
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clausius-Clapeyron relation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermodynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil porosity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Frozen ground
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Water Potential in Frozen Soil.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Gou, Lingyun
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Likos, William J.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lu, Ning
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 10900241
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 152
            – Type: issue
              Value: 8
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering
              Type: main
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