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Preliminary evidence of cold-water intrusions in the Bunaken reef waters, Indonesia.

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Title: Preliminary evidence of cold-water intrusions in the Bunaken reef waters, Indonesia.
Authors: Purwandana, Adi1 (AUTHOR) adip003@brin.go.id, Iskandar, Mochamad Riza1 (AUTHOR), Atmadipoera, Agus Saleh2 (AUTHOR), Wirasatriya, Anindya3 (AUTHOR), Nugroho, Dwiyoga1 (AUTHOR), Kusmanto, Edi1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Zheng4 (AUTHOR) wangzheng@qdio.ac.cn, Putra, I Wayan Sumardana Eka5 (AUTHOR), Cuypers, Yannis6 (AUTHOR) yannis.cuypers@locean.ipsl.fr
Source: Coral Reefs. Jun2026, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p1433-1449. 17p.
Subject Terms: *Internal waves, *Oceanic mixing, *Temperature sensors, *Oceanographic observations, *Coral reefs & islands, *Specific heat
Geographic Terms: Indonesia
Abstract: The Bunaken–Manado Bay waters, located within a national marine conservation park in the Coral Triangle, are influenced by internal waves propagating from the northwestern Sulawesi Sea. Using a dense array of low-cost temperature sensors deployed in shallow reef waters, we observe the shoaling of internal solitary waves that generate near-bottom cold-water intrusions. These events produce rapid vertical displacements of isotherms and disrupt the local thermal structure near the seabed. We quantify heat content anomalies linked to a distinct internal wave bolus event. The bolus caused a rapid reduction in near-bottom heat content, followed by continued heat loss after the event. Comparison with ERA5-derived surface heat fluxes reveals that the observed subsurface cooling occurs despite positive daytime surface heating, demonstrating a decoupling between surface forcing and near-bottom thermal response. These results indicate that internal-wave-driven bolus events play an important role in regulating thermal variability and mixing in shallow reef environments, highlighting the need to consider internal wave processes when assessing thermal conditions and physical stress in coral reef systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194723237
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Preliminary evidence of cold-water intrusions in the Bunaken reef waters, Indonesia.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Purwandana%2C+Adi%22">Purwandana, Adi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> adip003@brin.go.id</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Iskandar%2C+Mochamad+Riza%22">Iskandar, Mochamad Riza</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Atmadipoera%2C+Agus+Saleh%22">Atmadipoera, Agus Saleh</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wirasatriya%2C+Anindya%22">Wirasatriya, Anindya</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nugroho%2C+Dwiyoga%22">Nugroho, Dwiyoga</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kusmanto%2C+Edi%22">Kusmanto, Edi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Zheng%22">Wang, Zheng</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wangzheng@qdio.ac.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Putra%2C+I+Wayan+Sumardana+Eka%22">Putra, I Wayan Sumardana Eka</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cuypers%2C+Yannis%22">Cuypers, Yannis</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yannis.cuypers@locean.ipsl.fr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Coral+Reefs%22">Coral Reefs</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p1433-1449. 17p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Internal+waves%22">Internal waves</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oceanic+mixing%22">Oceanic mixing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature+sensors%22">Temperature sensors</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oceanographic+observations%22">Oceanographic observations</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coral+reefs+%26+islands%22">Coral reefs & islands</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Specific+heat%22">Specific heat</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indonesia%22">Indonesia</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The Bunaken–Manado Bay waters, located within a national marine conservation park in the Coral Triangle, are influenced by internal waves propagating from the northwestern Sulawesi Sea. Using a dense array of low-cost temperature sensors deployed in shallow reef waters, we observe the shoaling of internal solitary waves that generate near-bottom cold-water intrusions. These events produce rapid vertical displacements of isotherms and disrupt the local thermal structure near the seabed. We quantify heat content anomalies linked to a distinct internal wave bolus event. The bolus caused a rapid reduction in near-bottom heat content, followed by continued heat loss after the event. Comparison with ERA5-derived surface heat fluxes reveals that the observed subsurface cooling occurs despite positive daytime surface heating, demonstrating a decoupling between surface forcing and near-bottom thermal response. These results indicate that internal-wave-driven bolus events play an important role in regulating thermal variability and mixing in shallow reef environments, highlighting the need to consider internal wave processes when assessing thermal conditions and physical stress in coral reef systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=194723237
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s00338-026-02858-3
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 1433
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Internal waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oceanic mixing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Temperature sensors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oceanographic observations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coral reefs & islands
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Specific heat
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Preliminary evidence of cold-water intrusions in the Bunaken reef waters, Indonesia.
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            NameFull: Purwandana, Adi
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            NameFull: Iskandar, Mochamad Riza
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            NameFull: Atmadipoera, Agus Saleh
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            NameFull: Wirasatriya, Anindya
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            NameFull: Nugroho, Dwiyoga
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            NameFull: Putra, I Wayan Sumardana Eka
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 07224028
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              Value: 45
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
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            – TitleFull: Coral Reefs
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