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Vertical reflection and amplification of near-inertial internal waves near the pycnocline of mesoscale eddy in the Sea of Japan.

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Title: Vertical reflection and amplification of near-inertial internal waves near the pycnocline of mesoscale eddy in the Sea of Japan.
Authors: Yabe, Itsuka1,2 (AUTHOR) yabe@g.fpu.ac.jp, Kawaguchi, Yusuke2,3 (AUTHOR), Wagawa, Taku4 (AUTHOR), Igeta, Yosuke4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Oceanography. Jun2026, Vol. 82 Issue 3, p211-229. 19p.
Subject Terms: *Internal waves, *Mesoscale eddies, *Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, *Ocean, *Wave amplification, *Oceanography, *Turbulent mixing, *Atmospheric waves
Geographic Terms: Sea of Japan
Abstract: This study examines wintertime wind-induced near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) in the Sea of Japan. Energy source of NIWs from the atmosphere is the greatest in winter, but energy propagation into the ocean and contribution to turbulent mixing are unclear. We analyzed horizontal current records from a mooring system covering the top 1200 m at the full depth of 1770 m. During the winter, noticeable NIW events were caused by the cold outbreaks from the Eurasian continent. Although downward-propagating NIWs were dominant, upward-propagating NIW was identified around the main pycnocline in March 2020, when FATO mooring site located the north of an anti-cyclonic eddy (ACE) center. A detailed examination of wave properties near the interface revealed that the intrinsic frequencies of the downward- and upward-propagating waves were nearly coincident with 1.1f. This result implies that upward-propagating NIW is the reflected wave of downward-propagating NIW generated by the same atmospheric disturbances. Turbulent mixing due to Kelvin–Helmholtz instability was implied during the reflection event. The reflection layer was likely the lower pycnocline, splitting the Tsushima Warm Current water from the Japan Sea Proper Water. We discussed the following reflection mechanisms: reflection at the seafloor, partial reflection at the internal boundary, and internal reflection around the edge of ACE. One interpretation would be the internal reflection. The ray-tracing calculations using an idealized ACE structure revealed that the temporal vertical reflection of NIW and kinetic energy amplification around the rim of the ACE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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  Availability: 0
Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194776554
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Vertical reflection and amplification of near-inertial internal waves near the pycnocline of mesoscale eddy in the Sea of Japan.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yabe%2C+Itsuka%22">Yabe, Itsuka</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yabe@g.fpu.ac.jp</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kawaguchi%2C+Yusuke%22">Kawaguchi, Yusuke</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wagawa%2C+Taku%22">Wagawa, Taku</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Igeta%2C+Yosuke%22">Igeta, Yosuke</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Oceanography%22">Journal of Oceanography</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 82 Issue 3, p211-229. 19p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Internal+waves%22">Internal waves</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mesoscale+eddies%22">Mesoscale eddies</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kelvin-Helmholtz+instability%22">Kelvin-Helmholtz instability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean%22">Ocean</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wave+amplification%22">Wave amplification</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oceanography%22">Oceanography</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turbulent+mixing%22">Turbulent mixing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+waves%22">Atmospheric waves</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sea+of+Japan%22">Sea of Japan</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study examines wintertime wind-induced near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) in the Sea of Japan. Energy source of NIWs from the atmosphere is the greatest in winter, but energy propagation into the ocean and contribution to turbulent mixing are unclear. We analyzed horizontal current records from a mooring system covering the top 1200 m at the full depth of 1770 m. During the winter, noticeable NIW events were caused by the cold outbreaks from the Eurasian continent. Although downward-propagating NIWs were dominant, upward-propagating NIW was identified around the main pycnocline in March 2020, when FATO mooring site located the north of an anti-cyclonic eddy (ACE) center. A detailed examination of wave properties near the interface revealed that the intrinsic frequencies of the downward- and upward-propagating waves were nearly coincident with 1.1f. This result implies that upward-propagating NIW is the reflected wave of downward-propagating NIW generated by the same atmospheric disturbances. Turbulent mixing due to Kelvin–Helmholtz instability was implied during the reflection event. The reflection layer was likely the lower pycnocline, splitting the Tsushima Warm Current water from the Japan Sea Proper Water. We discussed the following reflection mechanisms: reflection at the seafloor, partial reflection at the internal boundary, and internal reflection around the edge of ACE. One interpretation would be the internal reflection. The ray-tracing calculations using an idealized ACE structure revealed that the temporal vertical reflection of NIW and kinetic energy amplification around the rim of the ACE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10872-026-00786-y
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 211
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Internal waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mesoscale eddies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kelvin-Helmholtz instability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wave amplification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oceanography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Turbulent mixing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sea of Japan
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Vertical reflection and amplification of near-inertial internal waves near the pycnocline of mesoscale eddy in the Sea of Japan.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Yabe, Itsuka
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kawaguchi, Yusuke
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            NameFull: Wagawa, Taku
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Igeta, Yosuke
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 09168370
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              Value: 82
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Oceanography
              Type: main
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