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Incorporating County‐Level Spatial Resolution in Maize Life Cycle Emissions Analysis in Illinois, USA.

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Title: Incorporating County‐Level Spatial Resolution in Maize Life Cycle Emissions Analysis in Illinois, USA.
Authors: Dohleman, Frank G.1 (AUTHOR) dohleman@gmail.com, Copenhaver, Ken2 (AUTHOR), Haefke, Clifford P.3 (AUTHOR), Mueller, Steffen3 (AUTHOR)
Source: GCB Bioenergy. Jul2026, Vol. 18 Issue 7, p1-15. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Spatial resolution, *Biomass energy, *Agriculture, *Carbon dioxide mitigation, *Ethanol manufacturing, *Cover crops, *Fertilizer analysis
Geographic Terms: Illinois, United States
Abstract: Maize is a major biofuel feedstock, accounting for 64% of the global share of ethanol production. Recent improvements in life cycle analyses (LCAs) have accounted for temporal changes in the improved efficiency of farming practices, with reductions in the carbon intensity (CI) of maize grain production over time. There has been little progress on understanding the spatial variation of the CI of maize grain production. The average life cycle CI of US maize production at the farm gate converts to a contribution of 251 g CO2e/kg of maize produced, used in policy calculations related to biofuel production. The objective of this work was to understand the spatial variation in CI scores using Illinois, USA as a case study to conduct life cycle analysis for modeling county‐level CI score. The average CI score of maize produced in Illinois has a range of 9%–12% lower than the national average CI when averaged across the state using county‐level yield and fertilizer application data. Maize grown within 56 km of ethanol facilities in Illinois has scores 14%–17% lower than the national average, when adjusted for ethanol output. This is mainly due to the high yields in Illinois and more efficient use of fertilizer across counties delivering to ethanol plants. There was spatial variation in the impact of cover crop seeding and conservation tillage across a transect of counties. Further refinement of life cycle models will provide more accurate assessments of the carbon intensity of maize production at smaller spatial scales than national averages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194920168
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Incorporating County‐Level Spatial Resolution in Maize Life Cycle Emissions Analysis in Illinois, USA.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dohleman%2C+Frank+G%2E%22">Dohleman, Frank G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dohleman@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Copenhaver%2C+Ken%22">Copenhaver, Ken</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Haefke%2C+Clifford+P%2E%22">Haefke, Clifford P.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mueller%2C+Steffen%22">Mueller, Steffen</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22GCB+Bioenergy%22">GCB Bioenergy</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 18 Issue 7, p1-15. 15p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spatial+resolution%22">Spatial resolution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomass+energy%22">Biomass energy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Agriculture%22">Agriculture</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+dioxide+mitigation%22">Carbon dioxide mitigation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethanol+manufacturing%22">Ethanol manufacturing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cover+crops%22">Cover crops</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fertilizer+analysis%22">Fertilizer analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Illinois%22">Illinois</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Maize is a major biofuel feedstock, accounting for 64% of the global share of ethanol production. Recent improvements in life cycle analyses (LCAs) have accounted for temporal changes in the improved efficiency of farming practices, with reductions in the carbon intensity (CI) of maize grain production over time. There has been little progress on understanding the spatial variation of the CI of maize grain production. The average life cycle CI of US maize production at the farm gate converts to a contribution of 251 g CO2e/kg of maize produced, used in policy calculations related to biofuel production. The objective of this work was to understand the spatial variation in CI scores using Illinois, USA as a case study to conduct life cycle analysis for modeling county‐level CI score. The average CI score of maize produced in Illinois has a range of 9%–12% lower than the national average CI when averaged across the state using county‐level yield and fertilizer application data. Maize grown within 56 km of ethanol facilities in Illinois has scores 14%–17% lower than the national average, when adjusted for ethanol output. This is mainly due to the high yields in Illinois and more efficient use of fertilizer across counties delivering to ethanol plants. There was spatial variation in the impact of cover crop seeding and conservation tillage across a transect of counties. Further refinement of life cycle models will provide more accurate assessments of the carbon intensity of maize production at smaller spatial scales than national averages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/gcbb.70142
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Spatial resolution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomass energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Agriculture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon dioxide mitigation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ethanol manufacturing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cover crops
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fertilizer analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Illinois
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Incorporating County‐Level Spatial Resolution in Maize Life Cycle Emissions Analysis in Illinois, USA.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Dohleman, Frank G.
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            NameFull: Copenhaver, Ken
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            NameFull: Haefke, Clifford P.
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            NameFull: Mueller, Steffen
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 17571693
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              Value: 18
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              Value: 7
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            – TitleFull: GCB Bioenergy
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