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Urban informality in Nigeria: a midsized city perspective.

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Title: Urban informality in Nigeria: a midsized city perspective.
Authors: Essien, Etido1 (AUTHOR) etido1864@gmail.com, Jesse, Ezekiel Elisha2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Environment, Development & Sustainability. Jul2026, Vol. 28 Issue 7, p17239-17260. 22p.
Subject Terms: *Squatter settlements, *Small cities, *Informal sector, *Immigrants, *Nigerians, *Residential real estate, *Poverty
Geographic Terms: Nigeria, Bauchi (Nigeria), Africa
Abstract: Midsized cities are important links between rural and urban spaces, providing accessibility to both local and metropolitan resources. They face unique challenges, and present opportunities for smart growth and development. However, the context of housing information in these cities has been widely under-studied, especially in Nigeria, where informality has taken over the urban periphery. This study seeks to develop an empirical understanding of informal housing formation in midsized cities. The empirical data analysis extracted primary data from Uyo, Awka, and Bauchi, which solidified it into an extensive dataset representing the four regions in Nigeria. Emergent informal housing formations resulting from the quest for urban life, low income, long waiting times for urban job opportunities, and free education for schoolchildren influenced by economic hardship were identified. Simultaneously, the prevalence of informal squatting settlements has been identified and largely attributed to urban migrants. The squatting system provides cheap housing and accommodates more migrants. However, its dependence on vulnerable urban migrants raises questions about human rights negligence. This study contributes to the literature on informal settlements in midsized cities in Africa and globally by providing a unique perspective in the context of housing information on these settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194936991
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Urban informality in Nigeria: a midsized city perspective.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Essien%2C+Etido%22">Essien, Etido</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> etido1864@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jesse%2C+Ezekiel+Elisha%22">Jesse, Ezekiel Elisha</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environment%2C+Development+%26+Sustainability%22">Environment, Development & Sustainability</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 28 Issue 7, p17239-17260. 22p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Squatter+settlements%22">Squatter settlements</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Small+cities%22">Small cities</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Informal+sector%22">Informal sector</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immigrants%22">Immigrants</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nigerians%22">Nigerians</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Residential+real+estate%22">Residential real estate</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poverty%22">Poverty</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nigeria%22">Nigeria</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bauchi+%28Nigeria%29%22">Bauchi (Nigeria)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Africa%22">Africa</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Midsized cities are important links between rural and urban spaces, providing accessibility to both local and metropolitan resources. They face unique challenges, and present opportunities for smart growth and development. However, the context of housing information in these cities has been widely under-studied, especially in Nigeria, where informality has taken over the urban periphery. This study seeks to develop an empirical understanding of informal housing formation in midsized cities. The empirical data analysis extracted primary data from Uyo, Awka, and Bauchi, which solidified it into an extensive dataset representing the four regions in Nigeria. Emergent informal housing formations resulting from the quest for urban life, low income, long waiting times for urban job opportunities, and free education for schoolchildren influenced by economic hardship were identified. Simultaneously, the prevalence of informal squatting settlements has been identified and largely attributed to urban migrants. The squatting system provides cheap housing and accommodates more migrants. However, its dependence on vulnerable urban migrants raises questions about human rights negligence. This study contributes to the literature on informal settlements in midsized cities in Africa and globally by providing a unique perspective in the context of housing information on these settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=194936991
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10668-024-05647-6
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 17239
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Squatter settlements
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Small cities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Informal sector
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Immigrants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nigerians
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Residential real estate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poverty
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nigeria
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bauchi (Nigeria)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Africa
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Urban informality in Nigeria: a midsized city perspective.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Essien, Etido
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          Name:
            NameFull: Jesse, Ezekiel Elisha
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 1387585X
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              Value: 28
            – Type: issue
              Value: 7
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Environment, Development & Sustainability
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