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Laboratory Approach for Characterizing Degraded Shale Material.

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Title: Laboratory Approach for Characterizing Degraded Shale Material.
Authors: Stroisz, A. M.1 (AUTHOR) anna.stroisz@sintef.no, Bhuiyan, M. H.1 (AUTHOR), Agofack, N.1 (AUTHOR), Cerasi, P. R.1 (AUTHOR), Duda, M. I.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering. Jun2026, Vol. 59 Issue 6, p5995-6014. 20p.
Subject Terms: *Shale, *Saturation (Chemistry), *Mechanical behavior of materials, *Physical acoustics, *Test methods, *Geophysical observations, *Drill core analysis
Abstract: This research assesses the potential of unpreserved shale core material to provide adequate geophysical characterization, despite its degraded state. Our goal was to reverse degradation processes, focusing on recapturing the in situ saturation state to analyse the fluid's impact on the mechanical and acoustic properties. An extensive testing program was conducted on various sample saturation states, including unconfined compressive strength, scratch, and punch tests, alongside continuous wave and through-transmission methods. For validation, these were paralleled with tests on preserved material of similar properties, that was deliberately degraded to replicate a poor preservation state in a controlled manner. Our findings reveal that even unpreserved or degraded shale cores can yield valuable data, offering insights into in situ properties through simple, low-cost testing methods, which are particularly effective in cases where preparing standard-size testing plugs is unfeasible. However, fully recovering the in situ properties of an unpreserved shale remain a challenge. The results highlight the need for more controlled research to evaluate the chemical and mechanical impacts on unpreserved shales. Developing methods to accurately reverse core damage, caused by inappropriate preservation, and enhance testing reliability require exploring a broader range of shale samples. This research lays the groundwork for refining approaches to restore and understand the true characteristics of shales, moving closer to replicating the in situ state despite existing challenges. Highlights: This study lays the groundwork for methods to restore and understand the true characteristics of unpreserved shale/clay material. Degraded shale cores can yield valuable data on mechanical and acoustic properties using simple, cost-effective testing methods. Saturation greatly affects shale properties, but understanding degradation processes is also crucial for recovering the original state. Completely restoring the original properties of unpreserved shale remains challenging, highlighting the need for improved remediation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Laboratory Approach for Characterizing Degraded Shale Material.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stroisz%2C+A%2E+M%2E%22">Stroisz, A. M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> anna.stroisz@sintef.no</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bhuiyan%2C+M%2E+H%2E%22">Bhuiyan, M. H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Agofack%2C+N%2E%22">Agofack, N.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cerasi%2C+P%2E+R%2E%22">Cerasi, P. R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duda%2C+M%2E+I%2E%22">Duda, M. I.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Rock+Mechanics+%26+Rock+Engineering%22">Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 59 Issue 6, p5995-6014. 20p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shale%22">Shale</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Saturation+%28Chemistry%29%22">Saturation (Chemistry)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+acoustics%22">Physical acoustics</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+methods%22">Test methods</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geophysical+observations%22">Geophysical observations</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drill+core+analysis%22">Drill core analysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This research assesses the potential of unpreserved shale core material to provide adequate geophysical characterization, despite its degraded state. Our goal was to reverse degradation processes, focusing on recapturing the in situ saturation state to analyse the fluid's impact on the mechanical and acoustic properties. An extensive testing program was conducted on various sample saturation states, including unconfined compressive strength, scratch, and punch tests, alongside continuous wave and through-transmission methods. For validation, these were paralleled with tests on preserved material of similar properties, that was deliberately degraded to replicate a poor preservation state in a controlled manner. Our findings reveal that even unpreserved or degraded shale cores can yield valuable data, offering insights into in situ properties through simple, low-cost testing methods, which are particularly effective in cases where preparing standard-size testing plugs is unfeasible. However, fully recovering the in situ properties of an unpreserved shale remain a challenge. The results highlight the need for more controlled research to evaluate the chemical and mechanical impacts on unpreserved shales. Developing methods to accurately reverse core damage, caused by inappropriate preservation, and enhance testing reliability require exploring a broader range of shale samples. This research lays the groundwork for refining approaches to restore and understand the true characteristics of shales, moving closer to replicating the in situ state despite existing challenges. Highlights: This study lays the groundwork for methods to restore and understand the true characteristics of unpreserved shale/clay material. Degraded shale cores can yield valuable data on mechanical and acoustic properties using simple, cost-effective testing methods. Saturation greatly affects shale properties, but understanding degradation processes is also crucial for recovering the original state. Completely restoring the original properties of unpreserved shale remains challenging, highlighting the need for improved remediation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1007/s00603-025-04558-w
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 5995
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Shale
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Saturation (Chemistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physical acoustics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geophysical observations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drill core analysis
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Laboratory Approach for Characterizing Degraded Shale Material.
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            NameFull: Stroisz, A. M.
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            NameFull: Bhuiyan, M. H.
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            NameFull: Agofack, N.
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            NameFull: Cerasi, P. R.
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            NameFull: Duda, M. I.
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 59
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              Value: 6
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            – TitleFull: Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering
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