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The Spatiotemporal Correlation Between Hydraulic Loss and Liutex-Based Vortex Dynamics Across Four Stall Regimes in a Pump-Turbine.

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Title: The Spatiotemporal Correlation Between Hydraulic Loss and Liutex-Based Vortex Dynamics Across Four Stall Regimes in a Pump-Turbine.
Authors: Liu, Zekai1 (AUTHOR), Qin, Yonglin1,2 (AUTHOR), Jiang, Boshuang1,3 (AUTHOR), Han, Shuangqian1,4 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Bowen1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Haoru1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Baoshan1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Wang, Hongjie4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Jul2026, Vol. 19 Issue 13, p3189. 31p.
Subject Terms: *Turbine pumps, *Spatiotemporal processes, *Energy dissipation, *Fluid control, *Large eddy simulation models, *Vortex motion
Abstract: Pumped-storage hydropower requires pump-turbines to operate safely and efficiently under off-design conditions, where stall-induced unsteady flows can redistribute hydraulic losses and reduce operational stability. Unlike previous analyses focused mainly on spatial correlations, this study develops a spatiotemporal framework to clarify how hydraulic loss (HL) and vortex evolution (VE) co-vary under different stall states at the valley point of the pump-mode hump region in a low-specific-speed, ultra-high-head pump-turbine. Detached eddy simulations (DES) were performed for an original-runner scheme (ORI) and an optimized-runner scheme (OPT), with identical stationary components, boundary conditions, and numerical settings. The comparative cases cover four representative flow states: non-stall, fixed stall, rotating stall, and mixed stall. The local hydraulic-loss rate (LHLR) was decomposed into dissipation (DIS) and transport (TRANS) terms, and Liutex-based vorticity decomposition was used to distinguish shear- and rigid-rotation-related vortex quantities. Pearson correlation analysis was then applied in both space and time. The results show that DIS is consistently associated with shear enstrophy Ω S , whereas the spatiotemporal correlation associated with TRANS and VE parameters exhibits stronger regional and stall-state dependence. These findings provide a quantitative basis for identifying loss-sensitive vortex features and support flow-control and runner-optimization strategies for improving pump-turbine efficiency and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 195441422
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: The Spatiotemporal Correlation Between Hydraulic Loss and Liutex-Based Vortex Dynamics Across Four Stall Regimes in a Pump-Turbine.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Zekai%22">Liu, Zekai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qin%2C+Yonglin%22">Qin, Yonglin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jiang%2C+Boshuang%22">Jiang, Boshuang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Han%2C+Shuangqian%22">Han, Shuangqian</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Bowen%22">Zhang, Bowen</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Haoru%22">Zhao, Haoru</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Baoshan%22">Zhu, Baoshan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Hongjie%22">Wang, Hongjie</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 19 Issue 13, p3189. 31p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turbine+pumps%22">Turbine pumps</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spatiotemporal+processes%22">Spatiotemporal processes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+dissipation%22">Energy dissipation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+control%22">Fluid control</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Large+eddy+simulation+models%22">Large eddy simulation models</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vortex+motion%22">Vortex motion</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Pumped-storage hydropower requires pump-turbines to operate safely and efficiently under off-design conditions, where stall-induced unsteady flows can redistribute hydraulic losses and reduce operational stability. Unlike previous analyses focused mainly on spatial correlations, this study develops a spatiotemporal framework to clarify how hydraulic loss (HL) and vortex evolution (VE) co-vary under different stall states at the valley point of the pump-mode hump region in a low-specific-speed, ultra-high-head pump-turbine. Detached eddy simulations (DES) were performed for an original-runner scheme (ORI) and an optimized-runner scheme (OPT), with identical stationary components, boundary conditions, and numerical settings. The comparative cases cover four representative flow states: non-stall, fixed stall, rotating stall, and mixed stall. The local hydraulic-loss rate (LHLR) was decomposed into dissipation (DIS) and transport (TRANS) terms, and Liutex-based vorticity decomposition was used to distinguish shear- and rigid-rotation-related vortex quantities. Pearson correlation analysis was then applied in both space and time. The results show that DIS is consistently associated with shear enstrophy Ω S , whereas the spatiotemporal correlation associated with TRANS and VE parameters exhibits stronger regional and stall-state dependence. These findings provide a quantitative basis for identifying loss-sensitive vortex features and support flow-control and runner-optimization strategies for improving pump-turbine efficiency and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.3390/en19133189
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 31
        StartPage: 3189
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Turbine pumps
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spatiotemporal processes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy dissipation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluid control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Large eddy simulation models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vortex motion
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Spatiotemporal Correlation Between Hydraulic Loss and Liutex-Based Vortex Dynamics Across Four Stall Regimes in a Pump-Turbine.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Liu, Zekai
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            NameFull: Qin, Yonglin
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            NameFull: Jiang, Boshuang
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            NameFull: Han, Shuangqian
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            NameFull: Zhang, Bowen
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            NameFull: Zhao, Haoru
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            NameFull: Zhu, Baoshan
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            NameFull: Wang, Hongjie
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19961073
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              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 13
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
              Type: main
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