Evaluation of Steady-State Volumetric Heating Load Methods Considering Building Envelope Type and Window-to-Wall Ratio.
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| Title: | Evaluation of Steady-State Volumetric Heating Load Methods Considering Building Envelope Type and Window-to-Wall Ratio. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Batsuuri, Bayaraa1,2 (AUTHOR), Lee, Haksung1,2 (AUTHOR) leehaksung@chungbuk.ac.kr |
| Source: | Energies (19961073). Jul2026, Vol. 19 Issue 13, p3224. 26p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Building envelopes, *Heating load, *Solar energy, *Heat storage |
| Abstract: | Recent studies have shown that building-envelope characteristics, including thermal mass and window-related solar gains, can significantly influence heating load behavior. However, their implications for the applicability and accuracy of simplified volumetric heating load methods remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study evaluates the applicability and accuracy of steady-state volumetric heating load methods under varying envelope conditions. Representative residential building models with different envelope types and window-to-wall ratios (WWRs) were analyzed. Heating loads were calculated using a normative volumetric approach based on tabulated specific heat-loss coefficients (Method 1) and a recalculated approach incorporating envelope characteristics and solar gains (Method 2). A comparison at hourly, peak-load, seasonal, and load-duration-curve (LDC) levels revealed that the performance of steady-state volumetric methods is strongly dependent on both envelope characteristics and the level of heating load assessment. Method 1 consistently overestimated seasonal heating demand by 41–218%, whereas Method 2 substantially reduced the error. However, Method 2 still underestimated annual heating demand in highly insulated buildings (up to 39%) and peak heating load (up to 63%). These findings indicate that the applicability of volumetric methods depends on both envelope characteristics and the level of heating load assessment. The results highlight the importance of accounting for envelope-dependent thermal-mass effects when applying volumetric methods to hourly, peak-load, seasonal, and LDC-based analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Energy & Power Source |
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| Header | DbId: enr DbLabel: Energy & Power Source An: 195441492 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Evaluation of Steady-State Volumetric Heating Load Methods Considering Building Envelope Type and Window-to-Wall Ratio. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Batsuuri%2C+Bayaraa%22">Batsuuri, Bayaraa</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Haksung%22">Lee, Haksung</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> leehaksung@chungbuk.ac.kr</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 19 Issue 13, p3224. 26p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Building+envelopes%22">Building envelopes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heating+load%22">Heating load</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+energy%22">Solar energy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+storage%22">Heat storage</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Recent studies have shown that building-envelope characteristics, including thermal mass and window-related solar gains, can significantly influence heating load behavior. However, their implications for the applicability and accuracy of simplified volumetric heating load methods remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study evaluates the applicability and accuracy of steady-state volumetric heating load methods under varying envelope conditions. Representative residential building models with different envelope types and window-to-wall ratios (WWRs) were analyzed. Heating loads were calculated using a normative volumetric approach based on tabulated specific heat-loss coefficients (Method 1) and a recalculated approach incorporating envelope characteristics and solar gains (Method 2). A comparison at hourly, peak-load, seasonal, and load-duration-curve (LDC) levels revealed that the performance of steady-state volumetric methods is strongly dependent on both envelope characteristics and the level of heating load assessment. Method 1 consistently overestimated seasonal heating demand by 41–218%, whereas Method 2 substantially reduced the error. However, Method 2 still underestimated annual heating demand in highly insulated buildings (up to 39%) and peak heating load (up to 63%). These findings indicate that the applicability of volumetric methods depends on both envelope characteristics and the level of heating load assessment. The results highlight the importance of accounting for envelope-dependent thermal-mass effects when applying volumetric methods to hourly, peak-load, seasonal, and LDC-based analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=195441492 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/en19133224 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 26 StartPage: 3224 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Building envelopes Type: general – SubjectFull: Heating load Type: general – SubjectFull: Solar energy Type: general – SubjectFull: Heat storage Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Evaluation of Steady-State Volumetric Heating Load Methods Considering Building Envelope Type and Window-to-Wall Ratio. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Batsuuri, Bayaraa – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lee, Haksung IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: Jul2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961073 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 19 – Type: issue Value: 13 Titles: – TitleFull: Energies (19961073) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
