A Physics-Constrained Super-Resolution Framework for Wind Resource Mapping: Application to Brazil.
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| Title: | A Physics-Constrained Super-Resolution Framework for Wind Resource Mapping: Application to Brazil. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Freire, José Péricles1 (AUTHOR), Rubio, Lihki2 (AUTHOR) jin.yang@glasgow.ac.uk, Yang, Jin3 (AUTHOR), Velasquez, Carlos E.1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Energies (19961073). Aug2026, Vol. 19 Issue 16, p3722. 33p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Spatial resolution, *Renewable energy sources, *Meteorological databases |
| Geographic Terms: | Brazil |
| Abstract: | High-resolution wind resource maps are essential for wind farm siting and renewable-energy planning, but national-scale assessment is often limited by sparse meteorological stations and the coarse resolution of reanalysis products. This study introduces a self-supervised Physics-Constrained Super-Resolution CNN (PC-SRCNN) that enhances ERA5 wind fields from 0.25° to 0.025°, for settings lacking a high-resolution, hourly-resolved reference wind field, by embedding kinematic and vertical-profile consistency as soft regularization penalties, without solving the full Navier-Stokes momentum balance. The framework was evaluated against 190 independent INMET stations, alongside interpolation, data-driven, and climatological baselines, using a station-wise bootstrap and the Diebold-Mariano test. The full model reduced the bootstrap MAE from 1.22 to 1.04 m/s relative to native ERA5, a 14.85% improvement confirmed by both tests, and achieved a vertical-profile R 2 of 0.90 against baselines below 0.70. Ablation shows physical regularization is not automatically beneficial: a variant constrained only by horizontal kinematics performed significantly worse than ERA5, with gains obtained only when vertical logarithmic-profile consistency was included. All other baselines evaluated were statistically indistinguishable from native ERA5 against station observations. These results indicate that sharper spatial detail alone is insufficient to improve wind-resource estimates unless supported by physically meaningful, vertically consistent constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Energy & Power Source |
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| Header | DbId: enr DbLabel: Energy & Power Source An: 196655149 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: A Physics-Constrained Super-Resolution Framework for Wind Resource Mapping: Application to Brazil. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Freire%2C+José+Péricles%22">Freire, José Péricles</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rubio%2C+Lihki%22">Rubio, Lihki</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jin.yang@glasgow.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Jin%22">Yang, Jin</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Velasquez%2C+Carlos+E%2E%22">Velasquez, Carlos E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Aug2026, Vol. 19 Issue 16, p3722. 33p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spatial+resolution%22">Spatial resolution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+energy+sources%22">Renewable energy sources</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Meteorological+databases%22">Meteorological databases</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brazil%22">Brazil</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: High-resolution wind resource maps are essential for wind farm siting and renewable-energy planning, but national-scale assessment is often limited by sparse meteorological stations and the coarse resolution of reanalysis products. This study introduces a self-supervised Physics-Constrained Super-Resolution CNN (PC-SRCNN) that enhances ERA5 wind fields from 0.25° to 0.025°, for settings lacking a high-resolution, hourly-resolved reference wind field, by embedding kinematic and vertical-profile consistency as soft regularization penalties, without solving the full Navier-Stokes momentum balance. The framework was evaluated against 190 independent INMET stations, alongside interpolation, data-driven, and climatological baselines, using a station-wise bootstrap and the Diebold-Mariano test. The full model reduced the bootstrap MAE from 1.22 to 1.04 m/s relative to native ERA5, a 14.85% improvement confirmed by both tests, and achieved a vertical-profile R 2 of 0.90 against baselines below 0.70. Ablation shows physical regularization is not automatically beneficial: a variant constrained only by horizontal kinematics performed significantly worse than ERA5, with gains obtained only when vertical logarithmic-profile consistency was included. All other baselines evaluated were statistically indistinguishable from native ERA5 against station observations. These results indicate that sharper spatial detail alone is insufficient to improve wind-resource estimates unless supported by physically meaningful, vertically consistent constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=196655149 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/en19163722 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 33 StartPage: 3722 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Spatial resolution Type: general – SubjectFull: Renewable energy sources Type: general – SubjectFull: Meteorological databases Type: general – SubjectFull: Brazil Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: A Physics-Constrained Super-Resolution Framework for Wind Resource Mapping: Application to Brazil. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Freire, José Péricles – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rubio, Lihki – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yang, Jin – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Velasquez, Carlos E. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 08 Text: Aug2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961073 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 19 – Type: issue Value: 16 Titles: – TitleFull: Energies (19961073) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
