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Accurate Determination of Five Single-Diode Model Parameters for Solar Cells and PV Modules via a Five-Dimensional Newton–Raphson Approach.

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Title: Accurate Determination of Five Single-Diode Model Parameters for Solar Cells and PV Modules via a Five-Dimensional Newton–Raphson Approach.
Authors: Lin, Zhenjia1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Chen1,2 (AUTHOR), Xu, Wenbin1,3 (AUTHOR), Guo, Zhiqiu1,2 (AUTHOR), Ai, Bin1,2,3 (AUTHOR) stsab@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Source: Energies (19961073). Sep2026, Vol. 19 Issue 17, p4022. 38p.
Subject Terms: *Newton-Raphson method, *Parameter estimation, *Photovoltaic power generation, *Numerical analysis, *Metaheuristic algorithms, *Solar cells, *Current-voltage characteristics
Abstract: This study proposes a hybrid analytical–numerical method for accurately extracting five physically meaningful single-diode-model (SDM) parameters from measured illuminated I–V data. Five experimental data points are randomly selected to construct a system of five nonlinear implicit SDM equations. Hejri's analytical method provides physically meaningful initial estimates, and an improved five-dimensional Newton–Raphson method is then used to solve the resulting equation system. When accurate characteristic-point data are unavailable, a metaheuristic fitting procedure is employed to determine the characteristic parameters required by initialization. The method is evaluated on the RTC cell, PWP 201 module, TOPCon cell, and TOPCon module and benchmarked against six state-of-the-art techniques: Ghani's method, Hejri's method, Kumar's method, the artificial ecosystem-based optimization (AEO) algorithm, Phang's method, and Villalva's method. The proposed method achieves RMSE values of 8.31 × 10−4, 2.10 × 10−3, 2.40 × 10−2, and 2.36 × 10−2 A, respectively, consistently yielding the lowest RMSE among the four hybrid analytical–numerical methods. Its RMSE values are only 0.5–7.5% above the corresponding minima obtained by AEO. Moreover, in the equation-solving step, the proposed solver is approximately 30–2954 times faster than Ghani's method and achieves higher convergence rates for three of the four devices. These results demonstrate that the proposed method enables accurate and efficient extraction of physically meaningful SDM parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 197040503
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Accurate Determination of Five Single-Diode Model Parameters for Solar Cells and PV Modules via a Five-Dimensional Newton–Raphson Approach.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Zhenjia%22">Lin, Zhenjia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Chen%22">Yang, Chen</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Wenbin%22">Xu, Wenbin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guo%2C+Zhiqiu%22">Guo, Zhiqiu</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ai%2C+Bin%22">Ai, Bin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> stsab@mail.sysu.edu.cn</i>
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  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Sep2026, Vol. 19 Issue 17, p4022. 38p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Newton-Raphson+method%22">Newton-Raphson method</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parameter+estimation%22">Parameter estimation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photovoltaic+power+generation%22">Photovoltaic power generation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+analysis%22">Numerical analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metaheuristic+algorithms%22">Metaheuristic algorithms</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cells%22">Solar cells</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Current-voltage+characteristics%22">Current-voltage characteristics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study proposes a hybrid analytical–numerical method for accurately extracting five physically meaningful single-diode-model (SDM) parameters from measured illuminated I–V data. Five experimental data points are randomly selected to construct a system of five nonlinear implicit SDM equations. Hejri's analytical method provides physically meaningful initial estimates, and an improved five-dimensional Newton–Raphson method is then used to solve the resulting equation system. When accurate characteristic-point data are unavailable, a metaheuristic fitting procedure is employed to determine the characteristic parameters required by initialization. The method is evaluated on the RTC cell, PWP 201 module, TOPCon cell, and TOPCon module and benchmarked against six state-of-the-art techniques: Ghani's method, Hejri's method, Kumar's method, the artificial ecosystem-based optimization (AEO) algorithm, Phang's method, and Villalva's method. The proposed method achieves RMSE values of 8.31 × 10−4, 2.10 × 10−3, 2.40 × 10−2, and 2.36 × 10−2 A, respectively, consistently yielding the lowest RMSE among the four hybrid analytical–numerical methods. Its RMSE values are only 0.5–7.5% above the corresponding minima obtained by AEO. Moreover, in the equation-solving step, the proposed solver is approximately 30–2954 times faster than Ghani's method and achieves higher convergence rates for three of the four devices. These results demonstrate that the proposed method enables accurate and efficient extraction of physically meaningful SDM parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19174022
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 38
        StartPage: 4022
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Newton-Raphson method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parameter estimation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photovoltaic power generation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Numerical analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metaheuristic algorithms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar cells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Current-voltage characteristics
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Accurate Determination of Five Single-Diode Model Parameters for Solar Cells and PV Modules via a Five-Dimensional Newton–Raphson Approach.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Lin, Zhenjia
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            NameFull: Yang, Chen
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            NameFull: Xu, Wenbin
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            NameFull: Guo, Zhiqiu
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            NameFull: Ai, Bin
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 17
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            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
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