Ultraviolet radiation in urban ecosystems with consideration of effects on human health
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| Title: | Ultraviolet radiation in urban ecosystems with consideration of effects on human health |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Grant, Richard H., Heisler, Gordon M. |
| Source: | Urban Ecosystems. Jul2000, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p193. 0p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Radiation exposure, *Ultraviolet radiation, *Ozone |
| Abstract: | Excess exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun, particularly the ultraviolet B (UVB), is cited as a cause or contributing factor for deleterious effects on human health, including skin cancers and cataracts. Rates of skin cancer have increased greatly in recent years, and increased UVB caused by reductions in stratospheric ozone may be responsible for some of the increase in rates, though quantified estimates of the effect of the UVB changes on health have low certainty. UVB exposure also affects the function of the immune system, and the potential resulting effects on infectious diseases and immunizations are a concern. Epidemiological considerations suggest that peoples' routine exposure to UV in urban areas can be significant in adverse health effects, particularly for young children. Projected trendsof ozone indicate that agreements to limit ozone-depleting substances are slowing the UVB increase, but high levels will continue and apparently impact health to the middle of the current century. Urban trees greatly reduce ultraviolet irradiance in their shade when they obscure both the sun and sky. Where trees or other structures obscure only the sun, leaving much of the sky in view, UVB irradiance will be greater than suggested by the visible shade. Since air pollutants influence the UVB above the canopy, and the overlying atmosphere is usually more polluted in urban than rural areas, additional above-canopy monitoring of UV in urban areas is needed for comparison to existing rural monitoring sites. Such monitoring would facilitate the development of computer models of urban effects on UV, which are needed for epidemiological investigations, public education, and urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Energy & Power Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: enr DbLabel: Energy & Power Source An: 8461308 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Ultraviolet radiation in urban ecosystems with consideration of effects on human health – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grant%2C+Richard+H%2E%22">Grant, Richard H.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Heisler%2C+Gordon+M%2E%22">Heisler, Gordon M.</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Urban+Ecosystems%22">Urban Ecosystems</searchLink>. Jul2000, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p193. 0p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiation+exposure%22">Radiation exposure</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ultraviolet+radiation%22">Ultraviolet radiation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ozone%22">Ozone</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Excess exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun, particularly the ultraviolet B (UVB), is cited as a cause or contributing factor for deleterious effects on human health, including skin cancers and cataracts. Rates of skin cancer have increased greatly in recent years, and increased UVB caused by reductions in stratospheric ozone may be responsible for some of the increase in rates, though quantified estimates of the effect of the UVB changes on health have low certainty. UVB exposure also affects the function of the immune system, and the potential resulting effects on infectious diseases and immunizations are a concern. Epidemiological considerations suggest that peoples' routine exposure to UV in urban areas can be significant in adverse health effects, particularly for young children. Projected trendsof ozone indicate that agreements to limit ozone-depleting substances are slowing the UVB increase, but high levels will continue and apparently impact health to the middle of the current century. Urban trees greatly reduce ultraviolet irradiance in their shade when they obscure both the sun and sky. Where trees or other structures obscure only the sun, leaving much of the sky in view, UVB irradiance will be greater than suggested by the visible shade. Since air pollutants influence the UVB above the canopy, and the overlying atmosphere is usually more polluted in urban than rural areas, additional above-canopy monitoring of UV in urban areas is needed for comparison to existing rural monitoring sites. Such monitoring would facilitate the development of computer models of urban effects on UV, which are needed for epidemiological investigations, public education, and urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=8461308 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1023/a:1012210710900 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 0 StartPage: 193 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Radiation exposure Type: general – SubjectFull: Ultraviolet radiation Type: general – SubjectFull: Ozone Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Ultraviolet radiation in urban ecosystems with consideration of effects on human health Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Grant, Richard H. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Heisler, Gordon M. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: Jul2000 Type: published Y: 2000 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 10838155 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 4 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Urban Ecosystems Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
