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Spherulites and lithophysae-200 years of investigation on high-temperature crystallization domains in silica-rich volcanic rocks.

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Title: Spherulites and lithophysae-200 years of investigation on high-temperature crystallization domains in silica-rich volcanic rocks.
Authors: Breitkreuz, Christoph1 cbreit@geo.tu-freiberg.de
Source: Bulletin of Volcanology. Apr2013, Vol. 75 Issue 4, p1-16. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Spherulites (Petrology), *Crystallization, *Volcanic ash, tuff, etc., *Silica, *Vapor pressure, *Lava
Abstract: High-temperature crystallization domains (HTCDs) including spherulites and lithophysae form during cooling of silica-rich lava and welded ignimbrites. Spherulites grow in silicate melts or hot glass and they display a radiating or microcrystalline texture, typically consisting of cristobalite, tridymite, and sanidine. Lithophysae are HTCDs comprising one or more cavities. This contribution reviews the research and discussions on HTCDs carried out over the last 200 years. The emphasis, here, is on lithophysae and summarizes current knowledge of their formation. A number of parameters influence the initiation and growth of lithophysae, as well as, their shapes and internal textures. The most likely cause of cavity formation is transient tensional stress that produces a mechanical opening and widening at the interface between the crystallization front and the host melt (e.g., where T > T). Cavity growth and expansion forced by rising vapor pressure is considered less important. In some cases, further growth of HTCD cavities results from vapor phase corrosion and brecciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 86928576
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Spherulites and lithophysae-200 years of investigation on high-temperature crystallization domains in silica-rich volcanic rocks.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Breitkreuz%2C+Christoph%22">Breitkreuz, Christoph</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> cbreit@geo.tu-freiberg.de</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Bulletin+of+Volcanology%22">Bulletin of Volcanology</searchLink>. Apr2013, Vol. 75 Issue 4, p1-16. 16p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spherulites+%28Petrology%29%22">Spherulites (Petrology)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystallization%22">Crystallization</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanic+ash%2C+tuff%2C+etc%2E%22">Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Silica%22">Silica</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vapor+pressure%22">Vapor pressure</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lava%22">Lava</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: High-temperature crystallization domains (HTCDs) including spherulites and lithophysae form during cooling of silica-rich lava and welded ignimbrites. Spherulites grow in silicate melts or hot glass and they display a radiating or microcrystalline texture, typically consisting of cristobalite, tridymite, and sanidine. Lithophysae are HTCDs comprising one or more cavities. This contribution reviews the research and discussions on HTCDs carried out over the last 200 years. The emphasis, here, is on lithophysae and summarizes current knowledge of their formation. A number of parameters influence the initiation and growth of lithophysae, as well as, their shapes and internal textures. The most likely cause of cavity formation is transient tensional stress that produces a mechanical opening and widening at the interface between the crystallization front and the host melt (e.g., where T > T). Cavity growth and expansion forced by rising vapor pressure is considered less important. In some cases, further growth of HTCD cavities results from vapor phase corrosion and brecciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s00445-013-0705-6
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Spherulites (Petrology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystallization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Silica
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vapor pressure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lava
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Spherulites and lithophysae-200 years of investigation on high-temperature crystallization domains in silica-rich volcanic rocks.
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            NameFull: Breitkreuz, Christoph
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2013
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              Y: 2013
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            – TitleFull: Bulletin of Volcanology
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