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Semantic Grammar: A Technique for Constructing Natural Language Interfaces to Instructional Systems.

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Title: Semantic Grammar: A Technique for Constructing Natural Language Interfaces to Instructional Systems.
Authors: Burton, Richard R., Brown, John Seely, Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 118
Publication Date: 1977
Sponsoring Agency: Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD), Washington, DC.
Document Type: Reports - Research
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Assisted Instruction, Computer Programs, Educational Environment, Grammar, Information Processing, Instructional Systems, Logical Thinking, Man Machine Systems, Programing Languages, Semantics
Abstract: A major obstacle to the effective educational use of computers is the lack of a natural means of communication between the student and the computer. This report describes a technique for generating such natural language front-ends for advanced instructional systems. It discusses: (1) the essential properties of a natural language front-end, (2) some prior systems having some of the desired capabilities, and (3) the technical details underlying "semantic grammars." This last notion is introduced as a paradigm for organizing the knowledge required to understand language which permits efficient parsing. In semantic grammar, non-terminal categories are formed on conceptual rather than syntactic bases. This allows semantic knowledge to be integrated into the parsing process whenever it is beneficial. The ability of Augmented Transition Networks (ATN)-based semantic grammars to perform satisfactorily in an educational environment is demonstrated in the natural language front-end for the SOPHIE system. Appendices describe SOPHIE semantic grammar in two formalisms (ATN and BTN). (Author/DAG)
Entry Date: 1977
Accession Number: ED142240
Database: ERIC
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  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED142240
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DbLabel: ERIC
An: ED142240
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Report
PubTypeId: report
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Semantic Grammar: A Technique for Constructing Natural Language Interfaces to Instructional Systems.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burton%2C+Richard+R%2E%22">Burton, Richard R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brown%2C+John+Seely%22">Brown, John Seely</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bolt%2C+Beranek+and+Newman%2C+Inc%2E%2C+Cambridge%2C+MA%2E%22">Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.</searchLink>
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: N
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 118
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 1977
– Name: SourceSuprt
  Label: Sponsoring Agency
  Group: SrcSuprt
  Data: Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD), Washington, DC.
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
  Group: TypDoc
  Data: Reports - Research
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+Intelligence%22">Artificial Intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+Assisted+Instruction%22">Computer Assisted Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+Programs%22">Computer Programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Environment%22">Educational Environment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grammar%22">Grammar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+Processing%22">Information Processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Instructional+Systems%22">Instructional Systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logical+Thinking%22">Logical Thinking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Man+Machine+Systems%22">Man Machine Systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Programing+Languages%22">Programing Languages</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Semantics%22">Semantics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: A major obstacle to the effective educational use of computers is the lack of a natural means of communication between the student and the computer. This report describes a technique for generating such natural language front-ends for advanced instructional systems. It discusses: (1) the essential properties of a natural language front-end, (2) some prior systems having some of the desired capabilities, and (3) the technical details underlying "semantic grammars." This last notion is introduced as a paradigm for organizing the knowledge required to understand language which permits efficient parsing. In semantic grammar, non-terminal categories are formed on conceptual rather than syntactic bases. This allows semantic knowledge to be integrated into the parsing process whenever it is beneficial. The ability of Augmented Transition Networks (ATN)-based semantic grammars to perform satisfactorily in an educational environment is demonstrated in the natural language front-end for the SOPHIE system. Appendices describe SOPHIE semantic grammar in two formalisms (ATN and BTN). (Author/DAG)
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 1977
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: ED142240
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=ED142240
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 118
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Artificial Intelligence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer Assisted Instruction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer Programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Environment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grammar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Information Processing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Instructional Systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Logical Thinking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Man Machine Systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Programing Languages
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Semantics
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Semantic Grammar: A Technique for Constructing Natural Language Interfaces to Instructional Systems.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Burton, Richard R.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Brown, John Seely
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      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Type: published
              Y: 1977
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