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Verbal and Nonverbal Sharing by 2- and 3-Year-Olds.

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Title: Verbal and Nonverbal Sharing by 2- and 3-Year-Olds.
Authors: Cook, Kaye V.
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 18
Publication Date: 1977
Document Type: Reports - Research
Descriptors: Age Differences, Behavior Development, Early Childhood Education, Interaction Process Analysis, Language Acquisition, Nonverbal Communication, Parent Child Relationship, Preschool Children, Prosocial Behavior, Verbal Communication
Abstract: This report describes a study investigating the extent to which 2- and 3-year-olds, as they acquire language, continue to use infant nonverbal sharing behaviors (pointing, holding up, giving and partner play) or begin to use language to share in new ways. A group of 2- and 3-year-olds (12 of each) were observed in a playroom setting of three adjoining rooms containing a few toys. Each child participated in a 15-minute session with the mother, who was instructed to remain seated in a large room facing the two smaller rooms, responding to but not directing the child's behavior. Sharing behavior was measured through observation of three types of mother-child "participatory episodes," involving use of: (1) gestures, (2) words, and (3) smiling or nonverbal vocalization. The children exhibited nonverbal sharing behaviors while sharing in new, verbal ways. The older subjects shared less frequently than the younger with the nonverbal behaviors that required proximity to the mother (giving, partner play). Unlike the younger subjects, they were more likely to hold up objects to the mother while at a distance from her, and they participated in dialogues more than the younger, their type of language inviting greater mother participation. (BF)
Entry Date: 1978
Accession Number: ED147003
Database: ERIC
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  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED147003
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PubType: Report
PubTypeId: report
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IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Verbal and Nonverbal Sharing by 2- and 3-Year-Olds.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cook%2C+Kaye+V%2E%22">Cook, Kaye V.</searchLink>
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: N
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 18
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 1977
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
  Group: TypDoc
  Data: Reports - Research
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+Differences%22">Age Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+Development%22">Behavior Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Early+Childhood+Education%22">Early Childhood Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interaction+Process+Analysis%22">Interaction Process Analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Acquisition%22">Language Acquisition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonverbal+Communication%22">Nonverbal Communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent+Child+Relationship%22">Parent Child Relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Preschool+Children%22">Preschool Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prosocial+Behavior%22">Prosocial Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Verbal+Communication%22">Verbal Communication</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This report describes a study investigating the extent to which 2- and 3-year-olds, as they acquire language, continue to use infant nonverbal sharing behaviors (pointing, holding up, giving and partner play) or begin to use language to share in new ways. A group of 2- and 3-year-olds (12 of each) were observed in a playroom setting of three adjoining rooms containing a few toys. Each child participated in a 15-minute session with the mother, who was instructed to remain seated in a large room facing the two smaller rooms, responding to but not directing the child's behavior. Sharing behavior was measured through observation of three types of mother-child "participatory episodes," involving use of: (1) gestures, (2) words, and (3) smiling or nonverbal vocalization. The children exhibited nonverbal sharing behaviors while sharing in new, verbal ways. The older subjects shared less frequently than the younger with the nonverbal behaviors that required proximity to the mother (giving, partner play). Unlike the younger subjects, they were more likely to hold up objects to the mother while at a distance from her, and they participated in dialogues more than the younger, their type of language inviting greater mother participation. (BF)
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 1978
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: ED147003
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Age Differences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavior Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Early Childhood Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interaction Process Analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Acquisition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonverbal Communication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent Child Relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Preschool Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prosocial Behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Verbal Communication
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Verbal and Nonverbal Sharing by 2- and 3-Year-Olds.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Cook, Kaye V.
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      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Type: published
              Y: 1977
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