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Correlations, Contrasts, and Conceptual Clarity.

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Title: Correlations, Contrasts, and Conceptual Clarity.
Language: English
Authors: Rosenthal, Robert
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 57
Publication Date: 2002
Document Type: Reports - Descriptive
Speeches/Meeting Papers
Descriptors: Correlation, Effect Size, Estimation (Mathematics)
Abstract: This paper discusses the Pearson product moment correlation (K. Pearson, 1986). Although this correlational metric is old, published in the 19th century, this paper suggests that it remains the most nearly universally applicable index of effect size. It is difficult to imagine a situation in which a Pearson "r" or its equivalent could not be used appropriately to index the magnitude of an event. And because all Pearson "r"s and their equivalents are based on focused comparisons, or contrasts, rather than on diffuse or omnibus comparisons, there is far greater conceptual clarity in the use of "r" than in the use of some other effect sizes measures. This paper illustrates the claims made for Pearson's "r," and discusses some applications and devices that make it more widely applicable. The paper also describes a new statistic that allows the accurate estimation of an effect size called "r" equivalent. It is also noted that there are actually four "r"s that can be usefully used as effect size estimates. Each of these is discussed. (Contains 11 tables and 52 references.) (SLD)
Entry Date: 2003
Accession Number: ED473809
Database: ERIC
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  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED473809
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  Data: Correlations, Contrasts, and Conceptual Clarity.
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  Data: 57
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  Data: 2002
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  Data: This paper discusses the Pearson product moment correlation (K. Pearson, 1986). Although this correlational metric is old, published in the 19th century, this paper suggests that it remains the most nearly universally applicable index of effect size. It is difficult to imagine a situation in which a Pearson "r" or its equivalent could not be used appropriately to index the magnitude of an event. And because all Pearson "r"s and their equivalents are based on focused comparisons, or contrasts, rather than on diffuse or omnibus comparisons, there is far greater conceptual clarity in the use of "r" than in the use of some other effect sizes measures. This paper illustrates the claims made for Pearson's "r," and discusses some applications and devices that make it more widely applicable. The paper also describes a new statistic that allows the accurate estimation of an effect size called "r" equivalent. It is also noted that there are actually four "r"s that can be usefully used as effect size estimates. Each of these is discussed. (Contains 11 tables and 52 references.) (SLD)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 57
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Effect Size
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Estimation (Mathematics)
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Correlations, Contrasts, and Conceptual Clarity.
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