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The Carlisle Indian Boarding School and Its Literary Legacy: The War with the Pen.

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Title: The Carlisle Indian Boarding School and Its Literary Legacy: The War with the Pen.
Language: English
Authors: Harding, Letitia
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 41
Publication Date: 2001
Document Type: Historical Materials
Opinion Papers
Speeches/Meeting Papers
Descriptors: Acculturation, American Indian Education, American Indian History, American Indian Literature, American Indians, Authors, Boarding Schools, Cultural Maintenance, Educational History, Elementary Education, English (Second Language), Federal Indian Relationship, Resistance (Psychology), School Newspapers, Vocational Education
Abstract: When Richard Henry Pratt founded the Carlisle Indian Boarding School, he felt that assimilation of American Indians was the only alternative to annihilation. Much of the training at Carlisle was intended to break all connections between students and their families. However, the students did have opportunities to record their stories, ideas, and opinions in their school newspapers, even as they were controlled by white staff members. For Pratt's system to flourish, he intended that some graduates from Carlisle and other off-reservation boarding schools would either work at the schools as teachers or return to their reservations to continue his mission. Pratt's objectives required that the students learn both English and a marketable trade. However, some graduates used their newly-developed skills to decry assimilation policies and to denounce the methods practiced at the schools. The continuation of this criticism is apparent in modern Native American literature. In personal narratives, school newspapers, and later in autobiographical essays and stories, the legacy of Carlisle students was preserved and passed on to the present generation of Native American authors. In this way, the "enemy language" was used to continue the war with the pen and to ensure the survival of Indian cultures and heritage. (TD)
Entry Date: 2003
Accession Number: ED476009
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED476009
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PubType: Reference
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  Label: Title
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  Data: The Carlisle Indian Boarding School and Its Literary Legacy: The War with the Pen.
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  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Harding%2C+Letitia%22">Harding, Letitia</searchLink>
– Name: PeerReviewed
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  Data: N
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 41
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2001
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
  Group: TypDoc
  Data: Historical Materials<br />Opinion Papers<br />Speeches/Meeting Papers
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acculturation%22">Acculturation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22American+Indian+Education%22">American Indian Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22American+Indian+History%22">American Indian History</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22American+Indian+Literature%22">American Indian Literature</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22American+Indians%22">American Indians</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Authors%22">Authors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Boarding+Schools%22">Boarding Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cultural+Maintenance%22">Cultural Maintenance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+History%22">Educational History</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22English+%28Second+Language%29%22">English (Second Language)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Federal+Indian+Relationship%22">Federal Indian Relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Resistance+%28Psychology%29%22">Resistance (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Newspapers%22">School Newspapers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vocational+Education%22">Vocational Education</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: When Richard Henry Pratt founded the Carlisle Indian Boarding School, he felt that assimilation of American Indians was the only alternative to annihilation. Much of the training at Carlisle was intended to break all connections between students and their families. However, the students did have opportunities to record their stories, ideas, and opinions in their school newspapers, even as they were controlled by white staff members. For Pratt's system to flourish, he intended that some graduates from Carlisle and other off-reservation boarding schools would either work at the schools as teachers or return to their reservations to continue his mission. Pratt's objectives required that the students learn both English and a marketable trade. However, some graduates used their newly-developed skills to decry assimilation policies and to denounce the methods practiced at the schools. The continuation of this criticism is apparent in modern Native American literature. In personal narratives, school newspapers, and later in autobiographical essays and stories, the legacy of Carlisle students was preserved and passed on to the present generation of Native American authors. In this way, the "enemy language" was used to continue the war with the pen and to ensure the survival of Indian cultures and heritage. (TD)
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  Label: Entry Date
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  Data: 2003
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
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  Data: ED476009
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 41
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Acculturation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: American Indian Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: American Indian History
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: American Indian Literature
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: American Indians
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Authors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Boarding Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cultural Maintenance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational History
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: English (Second Language)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Federal Indian Relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Resistance (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School Newspapers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vocational Education
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Carlisle Indian Boarding School and Its Literary Legacy: The War with the Pen.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Harding, Letitia
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Type: published
              Y: 2001
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