Differences in Spending in School Districts across Geographic Locales in Minnesota. Issues & Answers. REL 2012-No. 124
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| Title: | Differences in Spending in School Districts across Geographic Locales in Minnesota. Issues & Answers. REL 2012-No. 124 |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Wan, Yinmei, Norbury, Heather, Molefe, Ayrin C., Gerdeman, R. Dean, Meyers, Coby V., Burke, Matthew, Regional Educational Laboratory Midwest (ED) |
| Source: | Regional Educational Laboratory Midwest. 2012. |
| Availability: | Regional Educational Laboratory Midwest. Available from: Learning Point Associates. 1120 East Diehl Road Suite 200, Naperville, IL 60563. Tel: 866-730-6735; Fax: 630-649-6700; e-mail: relmidwest@learningpt.org; Web site: http://www.learningpt.org/rel/ |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 51 |
| Publication Date: | 2012 |
| Document Type: | Numerical/Quantitative Data Reports - Research |
| Education Level: | Elementary Secondary Education |
| Descriptors: | School Districts, School District Spending, Expenditure per Student, Elementary Secondary Education, Regional Characteristics, Differences, Rural Urban Differences, Student Needs, Instruction, School Administration, Student Transportation, Pupil Personnel Services, Enrollment |
| Geographic Terms: | Minnesota |
| Abstract: | This study examines the relationship between school district expenditures and district characteristics, including regional features (enrollment size, student population density, labor costs, and geographic remoteness) and level of student need (percentages of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, of special education students, and of English language learner students). Prior research has found that each of these factors has been associated with differences in expenditures across districts. This study examines five types of district spending per student for prekindergarten-grade 12: general fund expenditures, instruction and instruction-related expenditures, administration expenditures, student support expenditures, and transportation expenditures. The analysis finds that during the 2008/09 school year, rural districts accounted for 65 percent of Minnesota school districts and 25 percent of students. Further, district expenditures, regional characteristics, and level of student need varied across locale types. Expenditure patterns across locales differed with the type of expenditure. Total general fund expenditures per student and instruction and instruction-related expenditures per student were highest in city districts and above the state average in suburban, rural-remote, and town-remote districts. Student support expenditure per student was highest in city districts and lowest in town-remote and town-distant districts. Administration and transportation expenditures per student were above average in rural-remote and city districts and below average in the remaining locales. Regional characteristics and level of student need also varied across locale types. Compared with other locales, rural-remote districts had lower enrollment, lower student population density, longer drive time to the center of the nearest urban area, and higher percentages of special education students and students eligible or reduced-price lunch (a measure of economic disadvantage). Within rural and town districts, the percentage of special education students and economically disadvantaged students increased with remoteness. The percentage of English language learner students was highest in city and suburban districts. Regression analysis indicated that once regional characteristics and levels of student need were taken into account, district locale was not a statistically significant predictor of expenditures per student on administration, student support services, and transportation. Differences across locales in total general fund expenditures per student and instruction and instruction-related expenditures per student remained statistically significant predictors, but their shares in the overall variation in these expenditures fell considerably (from 16 percent to 3 percent for total general fund expenditures and from 19 percent to 6 percent for instruction expenditures). For these two expenditure types, only differences between town-remote districts and rural-remote and rural-distant districts were statistically significant. On the whole, regional characteristics and level of student need accounted for much of the variation in expenditures per student between districts in different geographic locales, but unexplained differences remained for Minnesota's most remote town and most remote rural districts. Appended are: (1) The literature on financing rural education; (2) Data and data sources; (3) Sample statistics and methodology; (4) Regression model results; and (5) Outliers dropped from the regression analysis. (Contains 3 boxes, 21 figures, 13 tables and 28 notes.) [For "Differences in Spending in School Districts across Geographic Locales in Minnesota. Summary. Issues & Answers. REL 2012-No. 124," see ED532662.] |
| Abstractor: | ERIC |
| Number of References: | 51 |
| IES Funded: | Yes |
| IES Publication: | https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs/projects/project.asp?ProjectID=275 |
| Entry Date: | 2012 |
| Accession Number: | ED532664 |
| Database: | ERIC |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 CustomLinks: – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED532664 Name: ERIC Full Text Category: fullText Text: Full Text from ERIC |
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| Header | DbId: eric DbLabel: ERIC An: ED532664 AccessLevel: 3 PubType: Electronic Resource PubTypeId: electronicResource PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Differences in Spending in School Districts across Geographic Locales in Minnesota. Issues & Answers. REL 2012-No. 124 – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wan%2C+Yinmei%22">Wan, Yinmei</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Norbury%2C+Heather%22">Norbury, Heather</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Molefe%2C+Ayrin+C%2E%22">Molefe, Ayrin C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gerdeman%2C+R%2E+Dean%22">Gerdeman, R. Dean</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meyers%2C+Coby+V%2E%22">Meyers, Coby V.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burke%2C+Matthew%22">Burke, Matthew</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Regional+Educational+Laboratory+Midwest+%28ED%29%22">Regional Educational Laboratory Midwest (ED)</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Regional+Educational+Laboratory+Midwest%22"><i>Regional Educational Laboratory Midwest</i></searchLink>. 2012. – Name: Avail Label: Availability Group: Avail Data: Regional Educational Laboratory Midwest. Available from: Learning Point Associates. 1120 East Diehl Road Suite 200, Naperville, IL 60563. Tel: 866-730-6735; Fax: 630-649-6700; e-mail: relmidwest@learningpt.org; Web site: http://www.learningpt.org/rel/ – Name: PeerReviewed Label: Peer Reviewed Group: SrcInfo Data: Y – Name: Pages Label: Page Count Group: Src Data: 51 – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Date Group: Date Data: 2012 – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: Numerical/Quantitative Data<br />Reports - Research – Name: Audience Label: Education Level Group: Audnce Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Secondary+Education%22">Elementary Secondary Education</searchLink> – Name: Subject Label: Descriptors Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Districts%22">School Districts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+District+Spending%22">School District Spending</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Expenditure+per+Student%22">Expenditure per Student</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+Secondary+Education%22">Elementary Secondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regional+Characteristics%22">Regional Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Differences%22">Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rural+Urban+Differences%22">Rural Urban Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Needs%22">Student Needs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Instruction%22">Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Administration%22">School Administration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Transportation%22">Student Transportation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pupil+Personnel+Services%22">Pupil Personnel Services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enrollment%22">Enrollment</searchLink> – Name: Subject Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Minnesota%22">Minnesota</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This study examines the relationship between school district expenditures and district characteristics, including regional features (enrollment size, student population density, labor costs, and geographic remoteness) and level of student need (percentages of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, of special education students, and of English language learner students). Prior research has found that each of these factors has been associated with differences in expenditures across districts. This study examines five types of district spending per student for prekindergarten-grade 12: general fund expenditures, instruction and instruction-related expenditures, administration expenditures, student support expenditures, and transportation expenditures. The analysis finds that during the 2008/09 school year, rural districts accounted for 65 percent of Minnesota school districts and 25 percent of students. Further, district expenditures, regional characteristics, and level of student need varied across locale types. Expenditure patterns across locales differed with the type of expenditure. Total general fund expenditures per student and instruction and instruction-related expenditures per student were highest in city districts and above the state average in suburban, rural-remote, and town-remote districts. Student support expenditure per student was highest in city districts and lowest in town-remote and town-distant districts. Administration and transportation expenditures per student were above average in rural-remote and city districts and below average in the remaining locales. Regional characteristics and level of student need also varied across locale types. Compared with other locales, rural-remote districts had lower enrollment, lower student population density, longer drive time to the center of the nearest urban area, and higher percentages of special education students and students eligible or reduced-price lunch (a measure of economic disadvantage). Within rural and town districts, the percentage of special education students and economically disadvantaged students increased with remoteness. The percentage of English language learner students was highest in city and suburban districts. Regression analysis indicated that once regional characteristics and levels of student need were taken into account, district locale was not a statistically significant predictor of expenditures per student on administration, student support services, and transportation. Differences across locales in total general fund expenditures per student and instruction and instruction-related expenditures per student remained statistically significant predictors, but their shares in the overall variation in these expenditures fell considerably (from 16 percent to 3 percent for total general fund expenditures and from 19 percent to 6 percent for instruction expenditures). For these two expenditure types, only differences between town-remote districts and rural-remote and rural-distant districts were statistically significant. On the whole, regional characteristics and level of student need accounted for much of the variation in expenditures per student between districts in different geographic locales, but unexplained differences remained for Minnesota's most remote town and most remote rural districts. Appended are: (1) The literature on financing rural education; (2) Data and data sources; (3) Sample statistics and methodology; (4) Regression model results; and (5) Outliers dropped from the regression analysis. (Contains 3 boxes, 21 figures, 13 tables and 28 notes.) [For "Differences in Spending in School Districts across Geographic Locales in Minnesota. Summary. Issues & Answers. REL 2012-No. 124," see ED532662.] – Name: AbstractInfo Label: Abstractor Group: Ab Data: ERIC – Name: Ref Label: Number of References Group: RefInfo Data: 51 – Name: CodeSource Label: IES Funded Group: SrcInfo Data: Yes – Name: CodeSource Label: IES Publication Group: SrcInfo Data: <link linkTarget="URL" linkTerm="https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs/projects/project.asp?ProjectID=275" linkWindow="_blank">http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs/projects/project.asp?ProjectID=275</link> – Name: DateEntry Label: Entry Date Group: Date Data: 2012 – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: ED532664 |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Languages: – Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 51 Subjects: – SubjectFull: School Districts Type: general – SubjectFull: School District Spending Type: general – SubjectFull: Expenditure per Student Type: general – SubjectFull: Elementary Secondary Education Type: general – SubjectFull: Regional Characteristics Type: general – SubjectFull: Differences Type: general – SubjectFull: Rural Urban Differences Type: general – SubjectFull: Student Needs Type: general – SubjectFull: Instruction Type: general – SubjectFull: School Administration Type: general – SubjectFull: Student Transportation Type: general – SubjectFull: Pupil Personnel Services Type: general – SubjectFull: Enrollment Type: general – SubjectFull: Minnesota Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Differences in Spending in School Districts across Geographic Locales in Minnesota. Issues & Answers. REL 2012-No. 124 Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Regional Educational Laboratory Midwest (ED) – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wan, Yinmei – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Norbury, Heather – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Molefe, Ayrin C. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gerdeman, R. Dean – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Meyers, Coby V. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Burke, Matthew IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 02 Type: published Y: 2012 Titles: – TitleFull: Regional Educational Laboratory Midwest Type: main |
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