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Race-Conscious Admissions and Equal Protection in Higher Education. CRS Report R48043, Version 1

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Title: Race-Conscious Admissions and Equal Protection in Higher Education. CRS Report R48043, Version 1
Language: English
Authors: April J. Anderson, Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service (CRS)
Source: Congressional Research Service. 2024.
Availability: Congressional Research Service. Web site: https://crsreports.congress.gov/
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 19
Publication Date: 2024
Intended Audience: Policymakers
Document Type: Reports - Descriptive
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Affirmative Action, College Admission, Diversity (Institutional), Court Litigation, Federal Legislation, Civil Rights Legislation, Racial Factors, Equal Education, Government School Relationship, Minority Group Students
Laws, Policies and Program Identifiers: Grutter et al v Bollinger et al, Civil Rights Act 1964 Title VI, Bakke v Regents of University of California
Abstract: In its 2023 decision in "Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard," the Supreme Court effectively ended its approval of affirmative action in higher education admissions, holding that practices at Harvard and the University of North Carolina (UNC) were unlawful. The Court concluded that UNC's practices violated the guarantee of equal protection in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which generally prohibits governmental racial discrimination. Additionally, while the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause applies directly only to state-run educational institutions, its nondiscrimination requirements apply equally to private colleges and universities that receive federal funds under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VI), which prohibits recipients of federal dollars from discriminating on the basis of race. In "Students for Fair Admissions," the Court concluded that Harvard's affirmative action program violated this statutory provision for the same reasons that UNC's violated the Constitution. This report describes the evolution of the Supreme Court's voluntary affirmative action jurisprudence and the "Students for Fair Admissions" decision's implications. The report concludes by discussing the role that Title VI plays in ensuring equal protection in higher education, including several avenues for congressional action under the Act.
Abstractor: ERIC
Entry Date: 2024
Accession Number: ED657682
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  Data: In its 2023 decision in "Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard," the Supreme Court effectively ended its approval of affirmative action in higher education admissions, holding that practices at Harvard and the University of North Carolina (UNC) were unlawful. The Court concluded that UNC's practices violated the guarantee of equal protection in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which generally prohibits governmental racial discrimination. Additionally, while the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause applies directly only to state-run educational institutions, its nondiscrimination requirements apply equally to private colleges and universities that receive federal funds under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VI), which prohibits recipients of federal dollars from discriminating on the basis of race. In "Students for Fair Admissions," the Court concluded that Harvard's affirmative action program violated this statutory provision for the same reasons that UNC's violated the Constitution. This report describes the evolution of the Supreme Court's voluntary affirmative action jurisprudence and the "Students for Fair Admissions" decision's implications. The report concludes by discussing the role that Title VI plays in ensuring equal protection in higher education, including several avenues for congressional action under the Act.
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