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Pakistani Preschoolers' Number of Older Siblings and Cognitive Skills: Moderations by Home Stimulation and Gender

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Title: Pakistani Preschoolers' Number of Older Siblings and Cognitive Skills: Moderations by Home Stimulation and Gender
Language: English
Authors: Mansoor Aslam Rathore (ORCID 0000-0002-7774-8768), Emma Armstrong-Carter, Saima Siyal, Aisha K. Yousafzai, Jelena Obradovic
Source: Grantee Submission. 2023 37(1).
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 11
Publication Date: 2023
Sponsoring Agency: Institute of Education Sciences (ED)
Contract Number: R305B140009
Document Type: Reports - Research
Journal Articles
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Siblings, Family Structure, Cognitive Development, Executive Function, Verbal Ability, Preschool Children, Rural Areas, Correlation, Family Environment, Gender Differences, Birth Order
Geographic Terms: Pakistan
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Home Observation for Measurement of Environment
DOI: 10.1037/fam0001018
ISSN: 0893-3200
Abstract: The present study examines the link between children's number of older siblings and their cognitive development, as measured by executive function (EFs) skills and verbal skills (VIQ) in a sample of 1,302 4-year-old children (54% boys) living in rural Pakistan. Specifically, we investigate whether the links between the number of older siblings and preschoolers' EFs and VIQ are moderated by preschoolers' quality of home stimulation and gender. Multivariate regressions revealed that the number of older siblings was positively associated with EFs for boys in homes with both higher and lower levels of stimulation, and for girls in homes with lower levels of stimulation (p < 0.05). However, the number of older siblings was negatively associated with EFs for girls from homes with higher levels of stimulation (p = 0.03). Further, the number of older siblings was positively associated with VIQ in homes with lower stimulation (p < 0.05), but not for higher stimulation homes. Gender was not a statistically significant moderator of the association between the number of older siblings and VIQ. Findings suggest that living with more older siblings may promote emerging EFs and VIQ among boys and girls with fewer opportunities for cognitive stimulation. However, more older siblings may hinder EF development for girls in the context of adequate home stimulation, perhaps due to inequitable allocation of resources among boys and girls in more affluent, larger families.
Abstractor: As Provided
IES Funded: Yes
Entry Date: 2024
Accession Number: ED661495
Database: ERIC
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  Availability: 0
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  Data: Pakistani Preschoolers&#39; Number of Older Siblings and Cognitive Skills: Moderations by Home Stimulation and Gender
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Mansoor+Aslam+Rathore%22&quot;&gt;Mansoor Aslam Rathore&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-8768&quot;&gt;0000-0002-7774-8768&lt;/externalLink&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Emma+Armstrong-Carter%22&quot;&gt;Emma Armstrong-Carter&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Saima+Siyal%22&quot;&gt;Saima Siyal&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Aisha+K%2E+Yousafzai%22&quot;&gt;Aisha K. Yousafzai&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Jelena+Obradovic%22&quot;&gt;Jelena Obradovic&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;SO&quot; term=&quot;%22Grantee+Submission%22&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Grantee Submission&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/searchLink&gt;. 2023 37(1).
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  Data: 11
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Pakistan%22&quot;&gt;Pakistan&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;SU&quot; term=&quot;%22Wechsler+Preschool+and+Primary+Scale+of+Intelligence%22&quot;&gt;Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;SU&quot; term=&quot;%22Home+Observation+for+Measurement+of+Environment%22&quot;&gt;Home Observation for Measurement of Environment&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: 10.1037/fam0001018
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  Data: 0893-3200
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  Data: The present study examines the link between children&#39;s number of older siblings and their cognitive development, as measured by executive function (EFs) skills and verbal skills (VIQ) in a sample of 1,302 4-year-old children (54% boys) living in rural Pakistan. Specifically, we investigate whether the links between the number of older siblings and preschoolers&#39; EFs and VIQ are moderated by preschoolers&#39; quality of home stimulation and gender. Multivariate regressions revealed that the number of older siblings was positively associated with EFs for boys in homes with both higher and lower levels of stimulation, and for girls in homes with lower levels of stimulation (p &lt; 0.05). However, the number of older siblings was negatively associated with EFs for girls from homes with higher levels of stimulation (p = 0.03). Further, the number of older siblings was positively associated with VIQ in homes with lower stimulation (p &lt; 0.05), but not for higher stimulation homes. Gender was not a statistically significant moderator of the association between the number of older siblings and VIQ. Findings suggest that living with more older siblings may promote emerging EFs and VIQ among boys and girls with fewer opportunities for cognitive stimulation. However, more older siblings may hinder EF development for girls in the context of adequate home stimulation, perhaps due to inequitable allocation of resources among boys and girls in more affluent, larger families.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2024
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  Label: Accession Number
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  Data: ED661495
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=ED661495
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1037/fam0001018
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Siblings
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Family Structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Executive Function
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Verbal Ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Preschool Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rural Areas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Family Environment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gender Differences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Birth Order
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pakistan
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Home Observation for Measurement of Environment
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Pakistani Preschoolers' Number of Older Siblings and Cognitive Skills: Moderations by Home Stimulation and Gender
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            NameFull: Mansoor Aslam Rathore
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            NameFull: Emma Armstrong-Carter
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            NameFull: Saima Siyal
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            NameFull: Aisha K. Yousafzai
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            NameFull: Jelena Obradovic
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2023
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 0893-3200
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              Value: 37
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