View in EDS

The Supply Side of ESAs: How Universal School Choice Programs Have Affected the Number of Private Schools and Home Education Vendors

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: The Supply Side of ESAs: How Universal School Choice Programs Have Affected the Number of Private Schools and Home Education Vendors
Language: English
Authors: Susan Pendergrass, EdChoice
Source: EdChoice. 2025.
Availability: EdChoice. 111 Monument Circle Suite 2650, Indianapolis, IN 46204. Tel: 317-681-0745; e-mail: info@edchoice.org; Web site: http://www.edchoice.org
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 19
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Secondary Education
Descriptors: School Choice, Educational Finance, Private Schools, Home Schooling, Scholarships, State Aid, Enrollment Trends, Tuition, Curriculum, Extracurricular Activities, Charter Schools, Elementary Secondary Education
Geographic Terms: Arizona, Indiana, New Hampshire, Utah, United States
Abstract: The number of private schools in the United States has been flat or slightly declining in the last few decades. However, in states that broadly offer families scholarships or vouchers for private school tuition, the number of private schools has gone up. This report analyzes if and how increased demand for private schooling and homeschooling, supported by public subsidies, has changed the number and types of private schools and homeschool vendors. Focus is set on private schools and comparing states that have more publicly funded private school choice programs to those with fewer programs, looking at enrollment trends in both. States with universal scholarship programs, often referred to as education savings accounts (ESAs), are specifically examined. With an ESA, parents can either choose a private school or craft a home education for their children by using a marketplace to find education vendors that provide curricula, extracurricular activities, field trips, educational therapies and other items. Arizona, as one of the first states to enact an ESA program and which stands out for the variety of its providers, is examined in detail. Anyone who wants to think about how to create new ESA programs or expand existing ones can draw on this review of recent developments.
Abstractor: ERIC
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: ED673315
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED673315
    Name: ERIC Full Text
    Category: fullText
    Text: Full Text from ERIC
Header DbId: eric
DbLabel: ERIC
An: ED673315
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Report
PubTypeId: report
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: The Supply Side of ESAs: How Universal School Choice Programs Have Affected the Number of Private Schools and Home Education Vendors
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Susan+Pendergrass%22">Susan Pendergrass</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22EdChoice%22">EdChoice</searchLink>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22EdChoice%22"><i>EdChoice</i></searchLink>. 2025.
– Name: Avail
  Label: Availability
  Group: Avail
  Data: EdChoice. 111 Monument Circle Suite 2650, Indianapolis, IN 46204. Tel: 317-681-0745; e-mail: info@edchoice.org; Web site: http://www.edchoice.org
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: N
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 19
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2025
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
  Group: TypDoc
  Data: Reports - Research
– Name: Audience
  Label: Education Level
  Group: Audnce
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Secondary+Education%22">Elementary Secondary Education</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Choice%22">School Choice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Finance%22">Educational Finance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Private+Schools%22">Private Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Home+Schooling%22">Home Schooling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scholarships%22">Scholarships</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22State+Aid%22">State Aid</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enrollment+Trends%22">Enrollment Trends</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tuition%22">Tuition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Curriculum%22">Curriculum</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Extracurricular+Activities%22">Extracurricular Activities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Charter+Schools%22">Charter Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+Secondary+Education%22">Elementary Secondary Education</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Arizona%22">Arizona</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indiana%22">Indiana</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22New+Hampshire%22">New Hampshire</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Utah%22">Utah</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The number of private schools in the United States has been flat or slightly declining in the last few decades. However, in states that broadly offer families scholarships or vouchers for private school tuition, the number of private schools has gone up. This report analyzes if and how increased demand for private schooling and homeschooling, supported by public subsidies, has changed the number and types of private schools and homeschool vendors. Focus is set on private schools and comparing states that have more publicly funded private school choice programs to those with fewer programs, looking at enrollment trends in both. States with universal scholarship programs, often referred to as education savings accounts (ESAs), are specifically examined. With an ESA, parents can either choose a private school or craft a home education for their children by using a marketplace to find education vendors that provide curricula, extracurricular activities, field trips, educational therapies and other items. Arizona, as one of the first states to enact an ESA program and which stands out for the variety of its providers, is examined in detail. Anyone who wants to think about how to create new ESA programs or expand existing ones can draw on this review of recent developments.
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
  Group: Ab
  Data: ERIC
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2025
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: ED673315
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=ED673315
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: School Choice
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Finance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Private Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Home Schooling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scholarships
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: State Aid
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Enrollment Trends
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tuition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Curriculum
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Extracurricular Activities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Charter Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary Secondary Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Arizona
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indiana
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: New Hampshire
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Utah
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Supply Side of ESAs: How Universal School Choice Programs Have Affected the Number of Private Schools and Home Education Vendors
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: EdChoice
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Susan Pendergrass
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: EdChoice
              Type: main
ResultId 1