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Examining Racial Disparities in School Discipline throughout the Pandemic. EdWorkingPaper No. 25-1206

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Title: Examining Racial Disparities in School Discipline throughout the Pandemic. EdWorkingPaper No. 25-1206
Language: English
Authors: Taylor Wilson, Gema Zamarro, Kaitlin Anderson, Sarah McKenzie, Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University
Source: Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University. 2025.
Availability: Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University. Brown University Box 1985, Providence, RI 02912. Tel: 401-863-7990; Fax: 401-863-1290; e-mail: annenberg@brown.edu; Web site: https://annenberg.brown.edu/
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 35
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Secondary Education
Descriptors: Racial Differences, Racism, Discipline, Student Behavior, COVID-19, Pandemics, School Closing, Elementary Secondary Education, Student Characteristics, Institutional Characteristics, Racial Composition, Behavior Problems, Expulsion, Suspension, Substance Abuse, Violence, Weapons, Truancy
Geographic Terms: Arkansas
Abstract: This study explores trends and disparities in school discipline during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the persistence of racial gaps in exclusionary practices. Using student-level data from Arkansas from 2017/18 to 2022/23, we study how disciplinary outcomes relate to student race while controlling for factors such as the type and frequency of infractions, as well as the school level (elementary vs. secondary). Our findings show that while overall disciplinary incidents declined during the pandemic school closures, racial disparities in exclusionary discipline remained, with nonwhite students particularly affected. The analysis also reveals the role of district-level factors in these disparities, indicating systemic differences across school districts. By addressing gaps in discipline and pandemic research, this study emphasizes the importance of implementing equitable disciplinary policies in the post-pandemic education system.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: ED674104
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: Examining Racial Disparities in School Discipline throughout the Pandemic. EdWorkingPaper No. 25-1206
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Taylor+Wilson%22">Taylor Wilson</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gema+Zamarro%22">Gema Zamarro</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaitlin+Anderson%22">Kaitlin Anderson</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sarah+McKenzie%22">Sarah McKenzie</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Annenberg+Institute+for+School+Reform+at+Brown+University%22">Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Annenberg+Institute+for+School+Reform+at+Brown+University%22"><i>Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University</i></searchLink>. 2025.
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  Data: Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University. Brown University Box 1985, Providence, RI 02912. Tel: 401-863-7990; Fax: 401-863-1290; e-mail: annenberg@brown.edu; Web site: https://annenberg.brown.edu/
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  Data: 35
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Secondary+Education%22">Elementary Secondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Racial+Differences%22">Racial Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Racism%22">Racism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Discipline%22">Discipline</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Behavior%22">Student Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19%22">COVID-19</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pandemics%22">Pandemics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Closing%22">School Closing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+Secondary+Education%22">Elementary Secondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Characteristics%22">Student Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Institutional+Characteristics%22">Institutional Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Racial+Composition%22">Racial Composition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+Problems%22">Behavior Problems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Expulsion%22">Expulsion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Suspension%22">Suspension</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substance+Abuse%22">Substance Abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Violence%22">Violence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Weapons%22">Weapons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Truancy%22">Truancy</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Arkansas%22">Arkansas</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This study explores trends and disparities in school discipline during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the persistence of racial gaps in exclusionary practices. Using student-level data from Arkansas from 2017/18 to 2022/23, we study how disciplinary outcomes relate to student race while controlling for factors such as the type and frequency of infractions, as well as the school level (elementary vs. secondary). Our findings show that while overall disciplinary incidents declined during the pandemic school closures, racial disparities in exclusionary discipline remained, with nonwhite students particularly affected. The analysis also reveals the role of district-level factors in these disparities, indicating systemic differences across school districts. By addressing gaps in discipline and pandemic research, this study emphasizes the importance of implementing equitable disciplinary policies in the post-pandemic education system.
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: ED674104
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=ED674104
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 35
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Racial Differences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Racism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Discipline
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pandemics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School Closing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary Secondary Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Characteristics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Institutional Characteristics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Racial Composition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavior Problems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Expulsion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Suspension
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Substance Abuse
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Violence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Weapons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Truancy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Arkansas
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Examining Racial Disparities in School Discipline throughout the Pandemic. EdWorkingPaper No. 25-1206
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