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Do as I Say: What Teachers' Language Reveals about Classroom Management Practices. EdWorkingPaper No. 23-844

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Title: Do as I Say: What Teachers' Language Reveals about Classroom Management Practices. EdWorkingPaper No. 23-844
Language: English
Authors: Mei Tan (ORCID 0009-0007-3871-899X), Dorottya Demszky (ORCID 0000-0002-6759-9367), Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University
Source: Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University. 2025.
Availability: Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University. Brown University Box 1985, Providence, RI 02912. Tel: 401-863-7990; Fax: 401-863-1290; e-mail: annenberg@brown.edu; Web site: https://annenberg.brown.edu/
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 53
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Grade 5
Intermediate Grades
Middle Schools
Grade 6
Descriptors: Classroom Techniques, Elementary School Teachers, Language Usage, Classroom Communication, Speech, Beginning Teachers, Experienced Teachers, Classroom Environment, Student Characteristics, Teacher Characteristics, Grade 5, Grade 6, Mathematics Teachers
Abstract: Classroom management critically affects students' academic and behavioral outcomes, yet we lack quantitative methods for observing these practices at scale. This study develops and validates language-based measures of classroom management--such as responding to student behavior and issuing verbal or material sanctions--using natural language processing (NLP) on 1,652 elementary mathematics classroom transcripts. On average, classroom management language comprises 24% of teacher talk, and behavior management 7%, with wide variation across teachers. Novice teachers use more reprimands, while command frequency increases with experience. Classrooms with more Black students experience more language reflecting exclusionary discipline. These measures offer a new lens for studying and supporting classroom management as it unfolds in real time.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: ED678201
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: Do as I Say: What Teachers' Language Reveals about Classroom Management Practices. EdWorkingPaper No. 23-844
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mei+Tan%22">Mei Tan</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3871-899X">0009-0007-3871-899X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dorottya+Demszky%22">Dorottya Demszky</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-9367">0000-0002-6759-9367</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Annenberg+Institute+for+School+Reform+at+Brown+University%22">Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Annenberg+Institute+for+School+Reform+at+Brown+University%22"><i>Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University</i></searchLink>. 2025.
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  Data: Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University. Brown University Box 1985, Providence, RI 02912. Tel: 401-863-7990; Fax: 401-863-1290; e-mail: annenberg@brown.edu; Web site: https://annenberg.brown.edu/
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  Data: 53
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+5%22">Grade 5</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Intermediate+Grades%22">Intermediate Grades</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Middle+Schools%22">Middle Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+6%22">Grade 6</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Classroom+Techniques%22">Classroom Techniques</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+School+Teachers%22">Elementary School Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Usage%22">Language Usage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Classroom+Communication%22">Classroom Communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech%22">Speech</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Beginning+Teachers%22">Beginning Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experienced+Teachers%22">Experienced Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Classroom+Environment%22">Classroom Environment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Characteristics%22">Student Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Characteristics%22">Teacher Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+5%22">Grade 5</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+6%22">Grade 6</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematics+Teachers%22">Mathematics Teachers</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Classroom management critically affects students' academic and behavioral outcomes, yet we lack quantitative methods for observing these practices at scale. This study develops and validates language-based measures of classroom management--such as responding to student behavior and issuing verbal or material sanctions--using natural language processing (NLP) on 1,652 elementary mathematics classroom transcripts. On average, classroom management language comprises 24% of teacher talk, and behavior management 7%, with wide variation across teachers. Novice teachers use more reprimands, while command frequency increases with experience. Classrooms with more Black students experience more language reflecting exclusionary discipline. These measures offer a new lens for studying and supporting classroom management as it unfolds in real time.
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  Data: 2026
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  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: ED678201
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=ED678201
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 53
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Classroom Techniques
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary School Teachers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Usage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Classroom Communication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Speech
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      – SubjectFull: Beginning Teachers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experienced Teachers
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      – SubjectFull: Classroom Environment
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      – SubjectFull: Student Characteristics
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Characteristics
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      – SubjectFull: Grade 5
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      – SubjectFull: Grade 6
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Teachers
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      – TitleFull: Do as I Say: What Teachers' Language Reveals about Classroom Management Practices. EdWorkingPaper No. 23-844
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              Y: 2025
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