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More Hours, More Work: Head Start Expansions Boost Maternal Employment. Upjohn Institute Working Paper 26-427

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Title: More Hours, More Work: Head Start Expansions Boost Maternal Employment. Upjohn Institute Working Paper 26-427
Language: English
Authors: Chloe Gibbs (ORCID 0000-0002-2684-053X), Esra Kose, Maria Rosales Rueda, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Source: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. 2026.
Availability: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. 300 South Westnedge Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49007-4686. Tel: 888-227-8569; Tel: 269-343-4330; Fax: 269-343-7310; Web site: http://research.upjohn.org/upjohn_publications/
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 38
Publication Date: 2026
Sponsoring Agency: Russell Sage Foundation
National Science Foundation (NSF)
Contract Number: SES1824511
Document Type: Reports - Evaluative
Education Level: Early Childhood Education
Descriptors: Social Services, Low Income Students, Federal Programs, Young Children, Mothers, Employed Parents, Employed Women, Child Care, Time Management, Federal Aid, Extended School Day, Early Childhood Education, Working Hours, Wages
Laws, Policies and Program Identifiers: Head Start
DOI: 10.17848/wp26-427
Abstract: Women's employment remains highly sensitive to childcare constraints, making childcare availability a critical lever for supporting mothers' labor force attachment. We study the effects of expanded full-day programming in Head Start, using the 2016 federal funding initiative that targeted grantees with low full-day enrollment. Linking administrative program data, geo-coded center locations, and household data on employment, we estimate a difference-in-differences design by comparing mothers of young children in treated and untreated areas. The policy increased full-day enrollment by 19 percent and raised single mothers' employment (1.9%), hours (2.5%), and earnings (6.5%). Results show that extending program duration meaningfully improves maternal labor market outcomes.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: ED679147
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: More Hours, More Work: Head Start Expansions Boost Maternal Employment. Upjohn Institute Working Paper 26-427
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chloe+Gibbs%22">Chloe Gibbs</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-053X">0000-0002-2684-053X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Esra+Kose%22">Esra Kose</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maria+Rosales+Rueda%22">Maria Rosales Rueda</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22W%2EE%2E+Upjohn+Institute+for+Employment+Research%22">W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22W%2E+E%2E+Upjohn+Institute+for+Employment+Research%22"><i>W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research</i></searchLink>. 2026.
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  Data: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. 300 South Westnedge Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49007-4686. Tel: 888-227-8569; Tel: 269-343-4330; Fax: 269-343-7310; Web site: http://research.upjohn.org/upjohn_publications/
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  Data: 38
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  Data: Russell Sage Foundation<br />National Science Foundation (NSF)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Early+Childhood+Education%22">Early Childhood Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Services%22">Social Services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Low+Income+Students%22">Low Income Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Federal+Programs%22">Federal Programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young+Children%22">Young Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mothers%22">Mothers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Employed+Parents%22">Employed Parents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Employed+Women%22">Employed Women</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Care%22">Child Care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time+Management%22">Time Management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Federal+Aid%22">Federal Aid</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Extended+School+Day%22">Extended School Day</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Early+Childhood+Education%22">Early Childhood Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Working+Hours%22">Working Hours</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wages%22">Wages</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Head+Start%22">Head Start</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.17848/wp26-427
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  Data: Women's employment remains highly sensitive to childcare constraints, making childcare availability a critical lever for supporting mothers' labor force attachment. We study the effects of expanded full-day programming in Head Start, using the 2016 federal funding initiative that targeted grantees with low full-day enrollment. Linking administrative program data, geo-coded center locations, and household data on employment, we estimate a difference-in-differences design by comparing mothers of young children in treated and untreated areas. The policy increased full-day enrollment by 19 percent and raised single mothers' employment (1.9%), hours (2.5%), and earnings (6.5%). Results show that extending program duration meaningfully improves maternal labor market outcomes.
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 38
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Social Services
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      – SubjectFull: Mothers
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      – SubjectFull: Employed Women
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      – SubjectFull: Time Management
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      – SubjectFull: Federal Aid
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      – SubjectFull: Extended School Day
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      – SubjectFull: Working Hours
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      – SubjectFull: Head Start
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      – TitleFull: More Hours, More Work: Head Start Expansions Boost Maternal Employment. Upjohn Institute Working Paper 26-427
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