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Socioeconomic Status Gaps in Student Achievement in Balkan Countries: The Role of Parents and School Inputs. Education Working Paper No. 22

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Title: Socioeconomic Status Gaps in Student Achievement in Balkan Countries: The Role of Parents and School Inputs. Education Working Paper No. 22
Language: English
Authors: Ciro Avitabile, Itgelt Bat-Ochir, Shkelqim Berisha, Chisato Maezawa, Tigran Shmis, Alessandro Toppeta, Yuko Yamashita, World Bank
Source: World Bank. 2025.
Availability: World Bank Publications. 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433. Tel: 202-458-4500; Fax: 202-552-1500; Web site: http://www.worldbank.org/
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 31
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Reports - Research
Education Level: Secondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests, International Assessment, Secondary School Students, Socioeconomic Status, Parent Participation, Educational Resources, Academic Achievement, School Role, Parent Role, Achievement Gap, Educational Background, Parent Background
Geographic Terms: Europe
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Program for International Student Assessment
Abstract: This report analyzes the widening socioeconomic status (SES) gaps in student achievement across Balkan countries, drawing on PISA data from 2009 to 2022. The findings reveal that disparities in parental investment are strongly associated with learning inequalities, while increases in school resources alone do not significantly reduce SES-based achievement gaps. The analysis employs panel regression to explore the roles of parental and school-level factors. Policy recommendations emphasize investing in parental engagement programs, improving both the quality and quantity of school inputs, and conducting rigorous impact evaluations to inform evidence-based strategies for promoting educational equity in the region.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: ED679782
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
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  Data: Socioeconomic Status Gaps in Student Achievement in Balkan Countries: The Role of Parents and School Inputs. Education Working Paper No. 22
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  Data: World Bank Publications. 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433. Tel: 202-458-4500; Fax: 202-552-1500; Web site: http://www.worldbank.org/
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  Data: This report analyzes the widening socioeconomic status (SES) gaps in student achievement across Balkan countries, drawing on PISA data from 2009 to 2022. The findings reveal that disparities in parental investment are strongly associated with learning inequalities, while increases in school resources alone do not significantly reduce SES-based achievement gaps. The analysis employs panel regression to explore the roles of parental and school-level factors. Policy recommendations emphasize investing in parental engagement programs, improving both the quality and quantity of school inputs, and conducting rigorous impact evaluations to inform evidence-based strategies for promoting educational equity in the region.
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  Data: ED679782
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 31
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Achievement Tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: International Assessment
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      – SubjectFull: Secondary School Students
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      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic Status
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      – SubjectFull: Parent Participation
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Resources
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      – SubjectFull: Academic Achievement
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      – SubjectFull: School Role
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      – SubjectFull: Parent Role
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      – SubjectFull: Achievement Gap
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      – SubjectFull: Parent Background
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      – SubjectFull: Europe
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      – SubjectFull: Program for International Student Assessment
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      – TitleFull: Socioeconomic Status Gaps in Student Achievement in Balkan Countries: The Role of Parents and School Inputs. Education Working Paper No. 22
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