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Measuring the Impact of Schools on Students' Grades. Research Brief

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Title: Measuring the Impact of Schools on Students' Grades. Research Brief
Language: English
Authors: Jing Liu, Seth Gershenson, Max Anthenelli, Maryland Longitudinal Data System Center (MLDSC)
Source: Maryland Longitudinal Data System Center. 2025.
Availability: Maryland Longitudinal Data System Center. 550 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel: 410-706-2085; e-mail: mlds.center@maryland.gov; Web site: https://mldscenter.maryland.gov/
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 5
Publication Date: 2025
Sponsoring Agency: Thomas B. Fordham Institute
Document Type: Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Junior High Schools
Middle Schools
Secondary Education
Grade 6
Intermediate Grades
Grade 9
Descriptors: Outcomes of Education, Grades (Scholastic), Elementary School Students, Middle School Students, Grade 6, Grade 9, Grade Point Average, Grading, Academic Standards, Elementary Schools, Middle Schools, Value Added Models, Scores
Geographic Terms: Maryland, North Carolina
Abstract: The authors develop a novel measure that captures the impact that schools have on students' grades in subsequent schools -- that is, their grades at the next institution in which they enroll. Specifically, they use longitudinal administrative data from two states, Maryland and North Carolina, to estimate elementary and middle schools' effects on students' 6th and 9th grade grade point averages (GPAs). To accomplish this, the authors compare the GPAs of otherwise similar students who graduated from different elementary (or middle) schools but went to the same middle (or high) school, thus circumventing the concern that different schools have different grading standards. They then evaluate the statistical properties of their measure, including its variability, stability, and how it compares to test-based value-added measures. Lastly, the authors examine whether students who attended a high GPA value-added school also have stronger long-run outcomes, including high school graduation and college attendance.
Abstractor: ERIC
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: ED680362
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
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  Data: Measuring the Impact of Schools on Students' Grades. Research Brief
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jing+Liu%22">Jing Liu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seth+Gershenson%22">Seth Gershenson</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Max+Anthenelli%22">Max Anthenelli</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maryland+Longitudinal+Data+System+Center+%28MLDSC%29%22">Maryland Longitudinal Data System Center (MLDSC)</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Maryland+Longitudinal+Data+System+Center%22"><i>Maryland Longitudinal Data System Center</i></searchLink>. 2025.
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  Data: Maryland Longitudinal Data System Center. 550 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel: 410-706-2085; e-mail: mlds.center@maryland.gov; Web site: https://mldscenter.maryland.gov/
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  Data: N
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  Data: 5
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: Thomas B. Fordham Institute
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Junior+High+Schools%22">Junior High Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Middle+Schools%22">Middle Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Secondary+Education%22">Secondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+6%22">Grade 6</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Intermediate+Grades%22">Intermediate Grades</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+9%22">Grade 9</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Outcomes+of+Education%22">Outcomes of Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grades+%28Scholastic%29%22">Grades (Scholastic)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+School+Students%22">Elementary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Middle+School+Students%22">Middle School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+6%22">Grade 6</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+9%22">Grade 9</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+Point+Average%22">Grade Point Average</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grading%22">Grading</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+Standards%22">Academic Standards</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+Schools%22">Elementary Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Middle+Schools%22">Middle Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Value+Added+Models%22">Value Added Models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scores%22">Scores</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maryland%22">Maryland</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22North+Carolina%22">North Carolina</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The authors develop a novel measure that captures the impact that schools have on students' grades in subsequent schools -- that is, their grades at the next institution in which they enroll. Specifically, they use longitudinal administrative data from two states, Maryland and North Carolina, to estimate elementary and middle schools' effects on students' 6th and 9th grade grade point averages (GPAs). To accomplish this, the authors compare the GPAs of otherwise similar students who graduated from different elementary (or middle) schools but went to the same middle (or high) school, thus circumventing the concern that different schools have different grading standards. They then evaluate the statistical properties of their measure, including its variability, stability, and how it compares to test-based value-added measures. Lastly, the authors examine whether students who attended a high GPA value-added school also have stronger long-run outcomes, including high school graduation and college attendance.
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  Data: 2026
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
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  Data: ED680362
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=ED680362
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 5
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Outcomes of Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grades (Scholastic)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Middle School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 6
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 9
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade Point Average
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grading
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Academic Standards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Middle Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Value Added Models
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      – SubjectFull: Scores
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      – SubjectFull: Maryland
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      – SubjectFull: North Carolina
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      – TitleFull: Measuring the Impact of Schools on Students' Grades. Research Brief
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            NameFull: Jing Liu
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            NameFull: Seth Gershenson
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              Y: 2025
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