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Subtraction and Substitution: The Role of Schools in Math Course-Taking

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Title: Subtraction and Substitution: The Role of Schools in Math Course-Taking
Language: English
Authors: Beryl Larson, Jacob Jackson, Sherrie Re, Michal Kurlaender, Stanford University, Policy Analysis for California Education (PACE)
Source: Policy Analysis for California Education, PACE. 2026.
Availability: Policy Analysis for California Education, PACE. 520 Galvez Mall, CERAS Room 401, Stanford, CA 94305-3001. Tel: 650-724-2832; Fax: 510-642-9148; e-mail: info@edpolicyinca.org; Web site: http://www.edpolicyinca.org
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 23
Publication Date: 2026
Sponsoring Agency: Gates Foundation
University of California, Office of the President
Document Type: Reports - Research
Education Level: High Schools
Secondary Education
Grade 12
Grade 11
Grade 10
Grade 9
Junior High Schools
Middle Schools
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Course Selection (Students), High School Students, Enrollment Trends, Institutional Characteristics, Grade 12, Grade 11, Grade 10, Grade 9, School Size, Socioeconomic Status, Required Courses, Calculus, Algebra, Statistics, Trigonometry, High School Teachers, Teacher Attitudes
Geographic Terms: California
Abstract: This brief, a companion to the report "Subtraction and Substitution: Shifts in High School Math Course-Taking," examines how schools shape math course-taking among California high school students. The brief looks at math course enrollment in 2023-24 based on school characteristics, course offerings from 2014-15 to 2023-24, and interviews with educators about math pathways at their schools. Results indicate that math course-taking varies considerably across schools. Whether students enroll in math in 12th grade and what kinds of courses they take differ by school characteristics, such as school size and proportion of socioeconomically disadvantaged students. Findings reveal that math course offerings in California have changed over the past decade and that not all students have access to the most advanced math coursework at their schools.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: ED680453
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Subtraction and Substitution: The Role of Schools in Math Course-Taking
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  Data: Policy Analysis for California Education, PACE. 520 Galvez Mall, CERAS Room 401, Stanford, CA 94305-3001. Tel: 650-724-2832; Fax: 510-642-9148; e-mail: info@edpolicyinca.org; Web site: http://www.edpolicyinca.org
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  Data: 23
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22California%22">California</searchLink>
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  Data: This brief, a companion to the report "Subtraction and Substitution: Shifts in High School Math Course-Taking," examines how schools shape math course-taking among California high school students. The brief looks at math course enrollment in 2023-24 based on school characteristics, course offerings from 2014-15 to 2023-24, and interviews with educators about math pathways at their schools. Results indicate that math course-taking varies considerably across schools. Whether students enroll in math in 12th grade and what kinds of courses they take differ by school characteristics, such as school size and proportion of socioeconomically disadvantaged students. Findings reveal that math course offerings in California have changed over the past decade and that not all students have access to the most advanced math coursework at their schools.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: ED680453
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 23
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Instruction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Course Selection (Students)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Enrollment Trends
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      – SubjectFull: Institutional Characteristics
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      – SubjectFull: Grade 12
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      – SubjectFull: Grade 11
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      – SubjectFull: Grade 10
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      – SubjectFull: Grade 9
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      – SubjectFull: School Size
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic Status
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Required Courses
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      – SubjectFull: Calculus
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      – SubjectFull: Algebra
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Trigonometry
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      – SubjectFull: High School Teachers
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: California
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Subtraction and Substitution: The Role of Schools in Math Course-Taking
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              M: 04
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              Y: 2026
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