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Attention Modulation by Proportion Congruency: The Asymmetrical List Shifting Effect

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Title: Attention Modulation by Proportion Congruency: The Asymmetrical List Shifting Effect
Language: English
Authors: Abrahamse, Elger L., Duthoo, Wout, Notebaert, Wim, Risko, Evan F.
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Sep 2013 39(5):1552-1562.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 11
Publication Date: 2013
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Attention, Experimental Psychology, Influences, Prediction, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Ability, Self Control, Attention Control, Visual Stimuli, Color, Foreign Countries, College Students, Contingency Management, Congruence (Psychology)
Geographic Terms: Arizona, Belgium
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Stroop Color Word Test
DOI: 10.1037/a0032426
ISSN: 0278-7393
Abstract: Proportion congruency effects represent hallmark phenomena in current theorizing about cognitive control. This is based on the notion that proportion congruency determines the relative levels of attention to relevant and irrelevant information in conflict tasks. However, little empirical evidence exists that uniquely supports such an attention modulation account; moreover, a rivaling account was recently proposed that attributes the effect of proportion congruency to mere contingency learning. In the present study, the influences of shifts in list-wide (Experiment 1) or item-specific (Experiment 2) proportion congruency were investigated. As predicted by attention modulation but not by contingency learning, strong asymmetries were observed in such shifting: An increase in the proportion of congruent trials had only limited impact on the size of the congruency effect when participants were initially trained with a mostly incongruent list, but the impact was substantial for an equivalent increase of incongruent trials when participants were initially trained with a mostly congruent list. This asymmetrical list shifting effect directly supports attention modulation by proportion congruency manipulations and as such provides a novel tool for exploring cognitive control. Implications of our findings for existing theories of cognitive control are discussed.
Abstractor: As Provided
Number of References: 40
Entry Date: 2015
Accession Number: EJ1056066
Database: ERIC
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: Proportion congruency effects represent hallmark phenomena in current theorizing about cognitive control. This is based on the notion that proportion congruency determines the relative levels of attention to relevant and irrelevant information in conflict tasks. However, little empirical evidence exists that uniquely supports such an attention modulation account; moreover, a rivaling account was recently proposed that attributes the effect of proportion congruency to mere contingency learning. In the present study, the influences of shifts in list-wide (Experiment 1) or item-specific (Experiment 2) proportion congruency were investigated. As predicted by attention modulation but not by contingency learning, strong asymmetries were observed in such shifting: An increase in the proportion of congruent trials had only limited impact on the size of the congruency effect when participants were initially trained with a mostly incongruent list, but the impact was substantial for an equivalent increase of incongruent trials when participants were initially trained with a mostly congruent list. This asymmetrical list shifting effect directly supports attention modulation by proportion congruency manipulations and as such provides a novel tool for exploring cognitive control. Implications of our findings for existing theories of cognitive control are discussed.
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  Data: 2015
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  Data: EJ1056066
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        Value: 10.1037/a0032426
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 1552
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Attention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental Psychology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Influences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prediction
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Processes
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      – SubjectFull: Self Control
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      – SubjectFull: Attention Control
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      – SubjectFull: Visual Stimuli
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      – SubjectFull: Color
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Congruence (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Arizona
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      – SubjectFull: Belgium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stroop Color Word Test
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Attention Modulation by Proportion Congruency: The Asymmetrical List Shifting Effect
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