Puzzling out PISA: What Can International Comparisons Tell Us about American Education?
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| Title: | Puzzling out PISA: What Can International Comparisons Tell Us about American Education? |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Schmidt, William H., Burroughs, Nathan A. |
| Source: | American Educator. Spr 2015 39(1):24-31. |
| Availability: | American Federation of Teachers. 555 New Jersey Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001. Tel: 202-879-4400; e-mail: amered@aft.org; Web site: http://www.aft.org/newspubs/periodicals/ae |
| Peer Reviewed: | N |
| Page Count: | 8 |
| Publication Date: | 2015 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Evaluative |
| Descriptors: | Comparative Education, Educational Change, Achievement Tests, Mathematics Education, Mathematics Achievement, Disadvantaged, Equal Education, Poverty, Low Income, Educational Opportunities, Mathematics Tests, Correlation, Socioeconomic Background |
| Assessment and Survey Identifiers: | Program for International Student Assessment, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study |
| ISSN: | 0148-432X |
| Abstract: | It is no secret that disadvantaged children are more likely to struggle in school. For decades now, public policy has focused on how to reduce the achievement gap between poorer students and more-affluent students. Despite numerous reform efforts, these gaps remain virtually unchanged--a fact that is deeply frustrating and also a little confusing. Does this mean that schools can't effectively address inequality? One of the key factors driving inequality in schools is unequal opportunity to learn (OTL) mathematics. In previous articles for "American Educator" and elsewhere, the authors define OTL as the important yet often overlooked relationship between mathematics performance and exposure to mathematics content. They explain here that it is very unlikely that students will learn material they are not exposed to, and there is considerable evidence that disadvantaged students are systematically tracked into classrooms with weaker mathematics content (e.g., basic arithmetic taught in a so-called algebra class). Rather than mitigating the effects of poverty, many American schools are exacerbating them. Specifically, the latest PISA data find that: (1) There is large variation in exposure to mathematics content; (2) OTL is strongly related to student performance; and (3) Lower-income students are generally exposed to less-rigorous math. It's not just that lower-income students are less well prepared when they enter school; the weakness of their math coursework actually keeps them from catching up. What is truly fascinating about the PISA results is that this is a "global phenomenon." In every country, more exposure to formal math content was related to better math performance, and almost every country showed a statistically significant relationship between student socioeconomic background and OTL. In other words, the problem the authors identified in the United States turns out to be a problem everywhere. The authors posit that these findings should make American educators reconsider their approach to education reform. Educational inequality is not a U.S.-specific problem, but some education systems do a much better job than America does in coping with the effects of poverty. More important, the math content that is taught in the classroom plays a critical role--a fact that has received far too little attention and one that is examined here. |
| Abstractor: | ERIC |
| Entry Date: | 2015 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1063875 |
| Database: | ERIC |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Puzzling out PISA: What Can International Comparisons Tell Us about American Education? – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schmidt%2C+William+H%2E%22">Schmidt, William H.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burroughs%2C+Nathan+A%2E%22">Burroughs, Nathan A.</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22American+Educator%22"><i>American Educator</i></searchLink>. Spr 2015 39(1):24-31. – Name: Avail Label: Availability Group: Avail Data: American Federation of Teachers. 555 New Jersey Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001. 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For decades now, public policy has focused on how to reduce the achievement gap between poorer students and more-affluent students. Despite numerous reform efforts, these gaps remain virtually unchanged--a fact that is deeply frustrating and also a little confusing. Does this mean that schools can't effectively address inequality? One of the key factors driving inequality in schools is unequal opportunity to learn (OTL) mathematics. In previous articles for "American Educator" and elsewhere, the authors define OTL as the important yet often overlooked relationship between mathematics performance and exposure to mathematics content. They explain here that it is very unlikely that students will learn material they are not exposed to, and there is considerable evidence that disadvantaged students are systematically tracked into classrooms with weaker mathematics content (e.g., basic arithmetic taught in a so-called algebra class). Rather than mitigating the effects of poverty, many American schools are exacerbating them. Specifically, the latest PISA data find that: (1) There is large variation in exposure to mathematics content; (2) OTL is strongly related to student performance; and (3) Lower-income students are generally exposed to less-rigorous math. It's not just that lower-income students are less well prepared when they enter school; the weakness of their math coursework actually keeps them from catching up. What is truly fascinating about the PISA results is that this is a "global phenomenon." In every country, more exposure to formal math content was related to better math performance, and almost every country showed a statistically significant relationship between student socioeconomic background and OTL. In other words, the problem the authors identified in the United States turns out to be a problem everywhere. The authors posit that these findings should make American educators reconsider their approach to education reform. Educational inequality is not a U.S.-specific problem, but some education systems do a much better job than America does in coping with the effects of poverty. More important, the math content that is taught in the classroom plays a critical role--a fact that has received far too little attention and one that is examined here. – Name: AbstractInfo Label: Abstractor Group: Ab Data: ERIC – Name: DateEntry Label: Entry Date Group: Date Data: 2015 – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: EJ1063875 |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Languages: – Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 8 StartPage: 24 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Comparative Education Type: general – SubjectFull: Educational Change Type: general – SubjectFull: Achievement Tests Type: general – SubjectFull: Mathematics Education Type: general – SubjectFull: Mathematics Achievement Type: general – SubjectFull: Disadvantaged Type: general – SubjectFull: Equal Education Type: general – SubjectFull: Poverty Type: general – SubjectFull: Low Income Type: general – SubjectFull: Educational Opportunities Type: general – SubjectFull: Mathematics Tests Type: general – SubjectFull: Correlation Type: general – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic Background Type: general – SubjectFull: Program for International Student Assessment Type: general – SubjectFull: Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Puzzling out PISA: What Can International Comparisons Tell Us about American Education? Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Schmidt, William H. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Burroughs, Nathan A. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 01 Type: published Y: 2015 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 0148-432X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 39 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: American Educator Type: main |
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