Causal Pathways for Specific Language Impairment: Lessons from Studies of Twins
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| Title: | Causal Pathways for Specific Language Impairment: Lessons from Studies of Twins |
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| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Rice, Mabel L. (ORCID |
| Source: | Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Oct 2020 63(10):3224-3235. |
| Availability: | American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: slhr@asha.org; Web site: http://jslhr.pubs.asha.org |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 12 |
| Publication Date: | 2020 |
| Sponsoring Agency: | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) National Institutes of Health (DHHS) |
| Contract Number: | R13DC003383 R01DC001803 R01DC005226 T32DC000052 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Descriptors: | Twins, Genetics, Language Impairments, Age Differences, Language Acquisition, Grammar, Morphology (Languages), Attribution Theory, Research Reports, Preschool Children, Children, Adolescents, Models, Longitudinal Studies, Language Skills, Measures (Individuals), Language Tests, Foreign Countries |
| Geographic Terms: | Australia |
| Assessment and Survey Identifiers: | MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory, Test of Early Language Development |
| DOI: | 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00169 |
| ISSN: | 1092-4388 |
| Abstract: | Purpose: This review article summarizes a program of longitudinal investigation of twins' language acquisition with a focus on causal pathways for specific language impairment (SLI) and nonspecific language impairment in children at 4 and 6 years with known history at 2 years. Method: The context of the overview is established by legacy scientific papers in genetics, language, and SLI. Five recent studies of twins are summarized, from 2 to 16 years of age, with a longitudinal perspective of heritability over multiple speech, language, and cognitive phenotypes. Results: Replicated moderate-to-high heritability is reported across ages, phenotypes, full population estimates, and estimates for clinical groups. Key outcomes are documentation of a twinning effect of risk for late language acquisition in twins that persists through 6 years of age, greater for monozygotic than dizygotic twins (although zygosity effects disappear at 6 years); heritability is greater for grammar and morphosyntax than other linguistic dimensions, from age 2 years through age 16 years, replicated within twin samples at subsequent age levels and across twin samples at age 16 years. Conclusion: There is consistent support for legacy models of genetic influences on language acquisition, updated with a more precise growth signaling disruption model supported by twin data, as well as singleton data of children with SLI and nonspecific language impairment. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2021 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1281112 |
| Database: | ERIC |
| Abstract: | Purpose: This review article summarizes a program of longitudinal investigation of twins' language acquisition with a focus on causal pathways for specific language impairment (SLI) and nonspecific language impairment in children at 4 and 6 years with known history at 2 years. Method: The context of the overview is established by legacy scientific papers in genetics, language, and SLI. Five recent studies of twins are summarized, from 2 to 16 years of age, with a longitudinal perspective of heritability over multiple speech, language, and cognitive phenotypes. Results: Replicated moderate-to-high heritability is reported across ages, phenotypes, full population estimates, and estimates for clinical groups. Key outcomes are documentation of a twinning effect of risk for late language acquisition in twins that persists through 6 years of age, greater for monozygotic than dizygotic twins (although zygosity effects disappear at 6 years); heritability is greater for grammar and morphosyntax than other linguistic dimensions, from age 2 years through age 16 years, replicated within twin samples at subsequent age levels and across twin samples at age 16 years. Conclusion: There is consistent support for legacy models of genetic influences on language acquisition, updated with a more precise growth signaling disruption model supported by twin data, as well as singleton data of children with SLI and nonspecific language impairment. |
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| ISSN: | 1092-4388 |
| DOI: | 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00169 |
