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Causal Pathways for Specific Language Impairment: Lessons from Studies of Twins

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Title: Causal Pathways for Specific Language Impairment: Lessons from Studies of Twins
Language: English
Authors: Rice, Mabel L. (ORCID 0000-0002-8150-5523)
Source: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Oct 2020 63(10):3224-3235.
Availability: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: slhr@asha.org; Web site: http://jslhr.pubs.asha.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 12
Publication Date: 2020
Sponsoring Agency: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
National Institutes of Health (DHHS)
Contract Number: R13DC003383
R01DC001803
R01DC005226
T32DC000052
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Twins, Genetics, Language Impairments, Age Differences, Language Acquisition, Grammar, Morphology (Languages), Attribution Theory, Research Reports, Preschool Children, Children, Adolescents, Models, Longitudinal Studies, Language Skills, Measures (Individuals), Language Tests, Foreign Countries
Geographic Terms: Australia
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory, Test of Early Language Development
DOI: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00169
ISSN: 1092-4388
Abstract: Purpose: This review article summarizes a program of longitudinal investigation of twins' language acquisition with a focus on causal pathways for specific language impairment (SLI) and nonspecific language impairment in children at 4 and 6 years with known history at 2 years. Method: The context of the overview is established by legacy scientific papers in genetics, language, and SLI. Five recent studies of twins are summarized, from 2 to 16 years of age, with a longitudinal perspective of heritability over multiple speech, language, and cognitive phenotypes. Results: Replicated moderate-to-high heritability is reported across ages, phenotypes, full population estimates, and estimates for clinical groups. Key outcomes are documentation of a twinning effect of risk for late language acquisition in twins that persists through 6 years of age, greater for monozygotic than dizygotic twins (although zygosity effects disappear at 6 years); heritability is greater for grammar and morphosyntax than other linguistic dimensions, from age 2 years through age 16 years, replicated within twin samples at subsequent age levels and across twin samples at age 16 years. Conclusion: There is consistent support for legacy models of genetic influences on language acquisition, updated with a more precise growth signaling disruption model supported by twin data, as well as singleton data of children with SLI and nonspecific language impairment.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2021
Accession Number: EJ1281112
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Causal Pathways for Specific Language Impairment: Lessons from Studies of Twins
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rice%2C+Mabel+L%2E%22">Rice, Mabel L.</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8150-5523">0000-0002-8150-5523</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language%2C+and+Hearing+Research%22"><i>Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research</i></searchLink>. Oct 2020 63(10):3224-3235.
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  Data: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: slhr@asha.org; Web site: http://jslhr.pubs.asha.org
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  Data: 12
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  Data: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)<br />National Institutes of Health (DHHS)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Twins%22">Twins</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetics%22">Genetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Impairments%22">Language Impairments</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+Differences%22">Age Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Acquisition%22">Language Acquisition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grammar%22">Grammar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Morphology+%28Languages%29%22">Morphology (Languages)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attribution+Theory%22">Attribution Theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+Reports%22">Research Reports</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Preschool+Children%22">Preschool Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adolescents%22">Adolescents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Models%22">Models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+Studies%22">Longitudinal Studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Skills%22">Language Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measures+%28Individuals%29%22">Measures (Individuals)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Tests%22">Language Tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00169
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  Data: 1092-4388
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: This review article summarizes a program of longitudinal investigation of twins' language acquisition with a focus on causal pathways for specific language impairment (SLI) and nonspecific language impairment in children at 4 and 6 years with known history at 2 years. Method: The context of the overview is established by legacy scientific papers in genetics, language, and SLI. Five recent studies of twins are summarized, from 2 to 16 years of age, with a longitudinal perspective of heritability over multiple speech, language, and cognitive phenotypes. Results: Replicated moderate-to-high heritability is reported across ages, phenotypes, full population estimates, and estimates for clinical groups. Key outcomes are documentation of a twinning effect of risk for late language acquisition in twins that persists through 6 years of age, greater for monozygotic than dizygotic twins (although zygosity effects disappear at 6 years); heritability is greater for grammar and morphosyntax than other linguistic dimensions, from age 2 years through age 16 years, replicated within twin samples at subsequent age levels and across twin samples at age 16 years. Conclusion: There is consistent support for legacy models of genetic influences on language acquisition, updated with a more precise growth signaling disruption model supported by twin data, as well as singleton data of children with SLI and nonspecific language impairment.
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        Value: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00169
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      – Text: English
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Twins
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genetics
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      – SubjectFull: Language Impairments
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      – SubjectFull: Age Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Language Acquisition
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      – SubjectFull: Preschool Children
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