Iron Deficiency in Infancy and Neurocognitive and Educational Outcomes in Young Adulthood

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Title: Iron Deficiency in Infancy and Neurocognitive and Educational Outcomes in Young Adulthood
Language: English
Authors: East, Patricia (ORCID 0000-0002-5169-2735), Doom, Jenalee R. (ORCID 0000-0003-2857-0817), Blanco, Estela (ORCID 0000-0002-6232-9210), Burrows, Raquel (ORCID 0000-0001-9155-0689), Lozoff, Betsy (ORCID 0000-0002-0399-582X), Gahagan, Sheila (ORCID 0000-0002-1105-7323)
Source: Developmental Psychology. Jun 2021 57(6):962-975.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2021
Sponsoring Agency: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (NIH)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (DHHS/NIH)
Contract Number: R03HD097295
R01HD033487
R01HL088530
K01HL143159
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Infants, Child Health, Nutrition, Child Development, Neurological Impairments, Cognitive Ability, Verbal Ability, Young Adults, Memory, Cognitive Processes, Educational Attainment, Toddlers, Children, Intelligence, Conceptual Tempo, Attention Span, Executive Function, Individual Characteristics, Diseases, Child Behavior
Geographic Terms: Chile (Santiago)
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Child Behavior Checklist, Trail Making Test
DOI: 10.1037/dev0001030
ISSN: 0012-1649
Abstract: This study examines the extent to which iron deficiency in infancy contributes to adverse neurocognitive and educational outcomes in young adulthood directly and indirectly, through its influence on verbal cognition and attention problems in childhood. Young adults (N = 1,000, M age = 21.3 years, 52% female; of Spanish or indigenous descent) from working-class families in Santiago, Chile, completed instruments assessing memory, processing speed, mental flexibility, and educational attainment. Iron status was assessed at ages 6, 12, and 18 months, and verbal intelligence, inattention, and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms were assessed at age 10. Results indicated that young adults who had iron-deficiency in infancy had poor executive control at age 21. Severity of iron deficiency during infancy was associated with lower verbal IQ and more frequent inattention and SCT symptoms in childhood, and with lower educational attainment in young adulthood through its effect on inattention. No additional indirect effects were found. Interventions directed toward improving cognitive and attention deficits linked to early-life iron deficiency appear warranted and could alter the course to adult functioning. Further research on the impact of such interventions would be helpful.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2021
Accession Number: EJ1305417
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Iron Deficiency in Infancy and Neurocognitive and Educational Outcomes in Young Adulthood
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22East%2C+Patricia%22">East, Patricia</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-2735">0000-0002-5169-2735</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Doom%2C+Jenalee+R%2E%22">Doom, Jenalee R.</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-0817">0000-0003-2857-0817</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Blanco%2C+Estela%22">Blanco, Estela</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6232-9210">0000-0002-6232-9210</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burrows%2C+Raquel%22">Burrows, Raquel</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-0689">0000-0001-9155-0689</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lozoff%2C+Betsy%22">Lozoff, Betsy</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0399-582X">0000-0002-0399-582X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gahagan%2C+Sheila%22">Gahagan, Sheila</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-7323">0000-0002-1105-7323</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Developmental+Psychology%22"><i>Developmental Psychology</i></searchLink>. Jun 2021 57(6):962-975.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 14
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  Label: Publication Date
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  Data: 2021
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  Label: Sponsoring Agency
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  Data: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (NIH)<br />National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (DHHS/NIH)
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  Data: R03HD097295<br />R01HD033487<br />R01HL088530<br />K01HL143159
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infants%22">Infants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Health%22">Child Health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nutrition%22">Nutrition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Development%22">Child Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurological+Impairments%22">Neurological Impairments</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+Ability%22">Cognitive Ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Verbal+Ability%22">Verbal Ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young+Adults%22">Young Adults</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+Processes%22">Cognitive Processes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Attainment%22">Educational Attainment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Toddlers%22">Toddlers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intelligence%22">Intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Conceptual+Tempo%22">Conceptual Tempo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention+Span%22">Attention Span</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+Function%22">Executive Function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Individual+Characteristics%22">Individual Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diseases%22">Diseases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Behavior%22">Child Behavior</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chile+%28Santiago%29%22">Chile (Santiago)</searchLink>
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  Label: Assessment and Survey Identifiers
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Wechsler+Intelligence+Scale+for+Children%22">Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Child+Behavior+Checklist%22">Child Behavior Checklist</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Trail+Making+Test%22">Trail Making Test</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1037/dev0001030
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  Data: 0012-1649
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study examines the extent to which iron deficiency in infancy contributes to adverse neurocognitive and educational outcomes in young adulthood directly and indirectly, through its influence on verbal cognition and attention problems in childhood. Young adults (N = 1,000, M age = 21.3 years, 52% female; of Spanish or indigenous descent) from working-class families in Santiago, Chile, completed instruments assessing memory, processing speed, mental flexibility, and educational attainment. Iron status was assessed at ages 6, 12, and 18 months, and verbal intelligence, inattention, and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms were assessed at age 10. Results indicated that young adults who had iron-deficiency in infancy had poor executive control at age 21. Severity of iron deficiency during infancy was associated with lower verbal IQ and more frequent inattention and SCT symptoms in childhood, and with lower educational attainment in young adulthood through its effect on inattention. No additional indirect effects were found. Interventions directed toward improving cognitive and attention deficits linked to early-life iron deficiency appear warranted and could alter the course to adult functioning. Further research on the impact of such interventions would be helpful.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2021
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  Label: Accession Number
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  Data: EJ1305417
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1305417
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        Value: 10.1037/dev0001030
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 962
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Infants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child Health
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      – SubjectFull: Nutrition
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      – SubjectFull: Child Development
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      – SubjectFull: Young Adults
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      – SubjectFull: Memory
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Processes
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Attainment
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      – SubjectFull: Toddlers
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      – SubjectFull: Intelligence
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