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Picturing Dual Language and Gentrification: An Analysis of Visual Media and Their Connection to Language Policy

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Title: Picturing Dual Language and Gentrification: An Analysis of Visual Media and Their Connection to Language Policy
Language: English
Authors: Hamann, Edmund T. (ORCID 0000-0003-0566-4431), Catalano, Theresa
Source: Language Policy. Sep 2021 20(3):413-434.
Availability: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 22
Publication Date: 2021
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Social Justice, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Educational Policy, Code Switching (Language), Language Usage, Teaching Methods, Classroom Communication, Language Enrichment, Immersion Programs, Social Class, Social Differences, Risk, Power Structure, News Reporting, Photography, White Students, Social Change, Discourse Analysis, Heritage Education, Language Maintenance, Native Language Instruction, Disadvantaged, Progressive Education
DOI: 10.1007/s10993-021-09585-1
ISSN: 1568-4555
Abstract: Dual language (DL) programs propose to be vehicles of social justice and transformation by valuing an additional language other than the dominant one in a society and thereby contesting language hierarchies and the subordination of those who speak/use a non-dominant language (Flores, Flores, Educational Policy 30:13-38, 2016; Menken and García, Menken, K., & García, O. (2021). Constructing translanguaging school policies and practices. In: CUNY-New York State Initiative on Emergent Bilinguals (Eds.) Translanguaging and transformative teaching for emergent bilingual students. Project. Routledge, New York.). However, Palmer (Henderson, K. I., & Palmer, D. K. (2020). Dual Language Bilingual Education: Teacher Cases and Perspectives on Large-scale Implementation. Multilingual Matters.: 11) warned that DL programs risk becoming "enrichment foreign-language immersion to middle- and upper-class White children" and hence "lost opportunit[ies] for transformation." This "gentrification" of DL efforts is enabled by racial, economic, and linguistic hierarchies of power (Valdez, Freire, and Delavan, Valdez et al., The Urban Review 48:601-627, 2016). Our analysis of five images from a corpus of 34 online news articles considers how photographic depictions of DL programs can manifest gentrification in non-linguistic ways that nonetheless reinforce moves away from DL for social transformation and toward DL as hegemonic. This paper clarifies how multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA) and Habermasian notions of the public sphere critically complement how public spaces (in this case schools) get imbued with "specific values that mediate inhabitants' interpretations of themselves and their relation to others in a space" (Hult, Hult, Tollefson and Pérez-Milans (eds), The Oxford handbook of language policy and planning, Oxford University Press, 2018: 338). Findings reveal nuanced ways in which world language populations are protagonized visually and related ways that heritage/maintenance populations are either erased or marginalized. This helps explain the key assertion--that visual images can reinforce DL program gentrification--but also augments the theoretical toolkit available to study how progressive intentions of DL can become co-opted.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2021
Accession Number: EJ1307536
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
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  Data: Dual language (DL) programs propose to be vehicles of social justice and transformation by valuing an additional language other than the dominant one in a society and thereby contesting language hierarchies and the subordination of those who speak/use a non-dominant language (Flores, Flores, Educational Policy 30:13-38, 2016; Menken and García, Menken, K., & García, O. (2021). Constructing translanguaging school policies and practices. In: CUNY-New York State Initiative on Emergent Bilinguals (Eds.) Translanguaging and transformative teaching for emergent bilingual students. Project. Routledge, New York.). However, Palmer (Henderson, K. I., & Palmer, D. K. (2020). Dual Language Bilingual Education: Teacher Cases and Perspectives on Large-scale Implementation. Multilingual Matters.: 11) warned that DL programs risk becoming "enrichment foreign-language immersion to middle- and upper-class White children" and hence "lost opportunit[ies] for transformation." This "gentrification" of DL efforts is enabled by racial, economic, and linguistic hierarchies of power (Valdez, Freire, and Delavan, Valdez et al., The Urban Review 48:601-627, 2016). Our analysis of five images from a corpus of 34 online news articles considers how photographic depictions of DL programs can manifest gentrification in non-linguistic ways that nonetheless reinforce moves away from DL for social transformation and toward DL as hegemonic. This paper clarifies how multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA) and Habermasian notions of the public sphere critically complement how public spaces (in this case schools) get imbued with "specific values that mediate inhabitants' interpretations of themselves and their relation to others in a space" (Hult, Hult, Tollefson and Pérez-Milans (eds), The Oxford handbook of language policy and planning, Oxford University Press, 2018: 338). Findings reveal nuanced ways in which world language populations are protagonized visually and related ways that heritage/maintenance populations are either erased or marginalized. This helps explain the key assertion--that visual images can reinforce DL program gentrification--but also augments the theoretical toolkit available to study how progressive intentions of DL can become co-opted.
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