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Japanese Students' Perceptions of the Role That Shadow Education Plays in Competition in Education

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Title: Japanese Students' Perceptions of the Role That Shadow Education Plays in Competition in Education
Language: English
Authors: Fülöp, Márta (ORCID 0000-0002-5020-041X), Gyori, János Gordon (ORCID 0000-0002-3894-7959)
Source: Hungarian Educational Research Journal. 2021 11(2):143-165.
Availability: AK Journals. 1117 Budapest, Budafoki str. 187-189, A Building, 3rd floor, Budapest, Hungary. Tel: +36-1-464-8282; Fax: +36-1-464-8251; e-mail: info@akjournals.com; Web site: https://akjournals.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 23
Publication Date: 2021
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: High Schools
Secondary Education
Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Student Attitudes, Tutoring, Competition, Mental Health, High School Students, College Students, Test Preparation, Test Coaching, Supplementary Education
Geographic Terms: Japan
ISSN: 2064-2199
Abstract: The relationship between shadow education and competition has been discussed and studied widely by educational experts and policy makers in Japan. One major topic has been the role that shadow education plays in social inequality by creating winners and losers. Another is related to competition and students' psychological health; and a third concerns the cause-and-effect relationships between cram/preparatory schools and competition. The present paper focuses on students' perspectives and describes an empirical study carried out with 211 Japanese senior high school students and 145 university students. The students answered open-ended questions about their cram/preparatory school attendance, and were asked to describe how they perceived the relationship between cram/preparatory schools and competition. The free descriptive answers were content-analysed and categorized. The majority of the respondents not only saw a relationship between the two but also listed a number of functions that increased students' competitive advantage. Educational experts' and sociologists' common criticism that shadow education has detrimental effect on fairness or equal chances in education was hardly at all expressed. Relatively few students expressed doubts or emphasized the negative or harmful side of cram/preparatory school attendance and competition. The results call the attention to the importance of studying different aspects of shadow education more in-depth from the direct "users'" i.e, the students' perspective as well.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2021
Accession Number: EJ1317299
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: Japanese Students' Perceptions of the Role That Shadow Education Plays in Competition in Education
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fülöp%2C+Márta%22">Fülöp, Márta</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-041X">0000-0002-5020-041X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gyori%2C+János+Gordon%22">Gyori, János Gordon</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3894-7959">0000-0002-3894-7959</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Hungarian+Educational+Research+Journal%22"><i>Hungarian Educational Research Journal</i></searchLink>. 2021 11(2):143-165.
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  Data: AK Journals. 1117 Budapest, Budafoki str. 187-189, A Building, 3rd floor, Budapest, Hungary. Tel: +36-1-464-8282; Fax: +36-1-464-8251; e-mail: info@akjournals.com; Web site: https://akjournals.com
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 23
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22High+Schools%22">High Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Secondary+Education%22">Secondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tutoring%22">Tutoring</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Competition%22">Competition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+Health%22">Mental Health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+School+Students%22">High School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Students%22">College Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Preparation%22">Test Preparation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Coaching%22">Test Coaching</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Supplementary+Education%22">Supplementary Education</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Japan%22">Japan</searchLink>
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
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  Data: 2064-2199
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The relationship between shadow education and competition has been discussed and studied widely by educational experts and policy makers in Japan. One major topic has been the role that shadow education plays in social inequality by creating winners and losers. Another is related to competition and students' psychological health; and a third concerns the cause-and-effect relationships between cram/preparatory schools and competition. The present paper focuses on students' perspectives and describes an empirical study carried out with 211 Japanese senior high school students and 145 university students. The students answered open-ended questions about their cram/preparatory school attendance, and were asked to describe how they perceived the relationship between cram/preparatory schools and competition. The free descriptive answers were content-analysed and categorized. The majority of the respondents not only saw a relationship between the two but also listed a number of functions that increased students' competitive advantage. Educational experts' and sociologists' common criticism that shadow education has detrimental effect on fairness or equal chances in education was hardly at all expressed. Relatively few students expressed doubts or emphasized the negative or harmful side of cram/preparatory school attendance and competition. The results call the attention to the importance of studying different aspects of shadow education more in-depth from the direct "users'" i.e, the students' perspective as well.
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      – Text: English
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        StartPage: 143
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Tutoring
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      – SubjectFull: Competition
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      – SubjectFull: Mental Health
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      – SubjectFull: High School Students
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      – SubjectFull: College Students
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      – SubjectFull: Test Preparation
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      – SubjectFull: Test Coaching
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      – SubjectFull: Supplementary Education
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      – SubjectFull: Japan
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      – TitleFull: Japanese Students' Perceptions of the Role That Shadow Education Plays in Competition in Education
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