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Do Non-Decision Times Mediate the Association between Age and Intelligence across Different Content and Process Domains?

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Title: Do Non-Decision Times Mediate the Association between Age and Intelligence across Different Content and Process Domains?
Authors: von Krause, Mischa (ORCID 0000-0001-7424-1454), Lerche, Veronika (ORCID 0000-0002-4551-2339), Schubert, Anna-Lena (ORCID 0000-0001-7248-0662), Voss, Andreas
Source: Journal of Intelligence. 2020 8.
Availability: MDPI AG. Klybeckstrasse 64, 4057 Basel, Switzerland. e-mail: indexing@mdpi.com; e-mail: jintelligence@mdpi.com; Web site: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jintelligence
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 28
Publication Date: 2020
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Intelligence Tests, Age Differences, Intelligence Differences, Decision Making, Young Adults, Adults, Older Adults
ISSN: 2079-3200
Abstract: In comparison to young adults, middle-aged and old people show lower scores in intelligence tests and slower response times in elementary cognitive tasks. Whether these well-documented findings can both be attributed to a general cognitive slow-down across the life-span has become subject to debate in the last years. The drift diffusion model can disentangle three main process components of binary decisions, namely the speed of information processing, the conservatism of the decision criterion and the non-decision time (i.e., time needed for processes such as encoding and motor response execution). All three components provide possible explanations for the association between response times and age. We present data from a broad study using 18 different response time tasks from three different content domains (figural, numeric, verbal). Our sample included people between 18 to 62 years of age, thus allowing us to study age differences across young-adulthood and mid-adulthood. Older adults generally showed longer non-decision times and more conservative decision criteria. For speed of information processing, we found a more complex pattern that differed between tasks. We estimated mediation models to investigate whether age differences in diffusion model parameters account for the negative relation between age and intelligence, across different intelligence process domains (processing capacity, memory, psychometric speed) and different intelligence content domains (figural, numeric, verbal). In most cases, age differences in intelligence were accounted for by age differences in non-decision time. Content domain-general, but not content domain-specific aspects of non-decision time were related to age. We discuss the implications of these findings on how cognitive decline and age differences in mental speed might be related.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2021
Accession Number: EJ1318974
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: Do Non-Decision Times Mediate the Association between Age and Intelligence across Different Content and Process Domains?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22von+Krause%2C+Mischa%22">von Krause, Mischa</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-1454">0000-0001-7424-1454</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lerche%2C+Veronika%22">Lerche, Veronika</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-2339">0000-0002-4551-2339</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schubert%2C+Anna-Lena%22">Schubert, Anna-Lena</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7248-0662">0000-0001-7248-0662</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Voss%2C+Andreas%22">Voss, Andreas</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Intelligence%22"><i>Journal of Intelligence</i></searchLink>. 2020 8.
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  Data: MDPI AG. Klybeckstrasse 64, 4057 Basel, Switzerland. e-mail: indexing@mdpi.com; e-mail: jintelligence@mdpi.com; Web site: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jintelligence
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  Data: 28
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: In comparison to young adults, middle-aged and old people show lower scores in intelligence tests and slower response times in elementary cognitive tasks. Whether these well-documented findings can both be attributed to a general cognitive slow-down across the life-span has become subject to debate in the last years. The drift diffusion model can disentangle three main process components of binary decisions, namely the speed of information processing, the conservatism of the decision criterion and the non-decision time (i.e., time needed for processes such as encoding and motor response execution). All three components provide possible explanations for the association between response times and age. We present data from a broad study using 18 different response time tasks from three different content domains (figural, numeric, verbal). Our sample included people between 18 to 62 years of age, thus allowing us to study age differences across young-adulthood and mid-adulthood. Older adults generally showed longer non-decision times and more conservative decision criteria. For speed of information processing, we found a more complex pattern that differed between tasks. We estimated mediation models to investigate whether age differences in diffusion model parameters account for the negative relation between age and intelligence, across different intelligence process domains (processing capacity, memory, psychometric speed) and different intelligence content domains (figural, numeric, verbal). In most cases, age differences in intelligence were accounted for by age differences in non-decision time. Content domain-general, but not content domain-specific aspects of non-decision time were related to age. We discuss the implications of these findings on how cognitive decline and age differences in mental speed might be related.
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        PageCount: 28
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Reaction Time
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intelligence Tests
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      – SubjectFull: Age Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Intelligence Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Decision Making
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      – SubjectFull: Adults
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      – TitleFull: Do Non-Decision Times Mediate the Association between Age and Intelligence across Different Content and Process Domains?
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            NameFull: Voss, Andreas
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              Y: 2020
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