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Divergent Patterns of Variant Tag Questions in Pakistani English: A Corpus-Based Comparative Study

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Title: Divergent Patterns of Variant Tag Questions in Pakistani English: A Corpus-Based Comparative Study
Language: English
Authors: Hussain, Zahida, Asif, Muhammad, Aslam, Ayesha, Mahmood, Muhammad Asim
Source: Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction. 2021 11(4):370-378.
Availability: Pegem Academy Publishing and Educational Guidance Services TLC. Mesrutiyet Caddesi, No: 45, Ankara, Kizilay 06420, Turkey. e-mail: editor@pegegog.net; Web site: http://www.pegegog.net/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 9
Publication Date: 2021
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Language Variation, Grammar, Computational Linguistics, Foreign Countries, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language of Instruction, Phrase Structure, Questioning Techniques, Contrastive Linguistics, Native Language, Adults, Self Concept
Geographic Terms: Pakistan, India, United Kingdom, Singapore, New Zealand
ISSN: 2146-0655
Abstract: The research explores forms and function of variant tag questions (VTQs) in the native and non-native Englishes. For the said purpose, patterns of VTQs in Pakistani English are compared with two native (British and New Zealand) and two non-native (Indian and Singaporean) varieties. The components of the "International Corpus of English," henceforth ICE (Greenbaum & Nelson, 1996) of the said varieties, have been used. Each ICE component consists of one- million-word corpus of the regional variety, with a common design, in order to ensure maximum comparability between the components (Nelson 1996). The ICE samples the English of adults (age 18 or over) who have been educated through medium of English to at least the end of secondary schooling. Convenient sampling technique is used to collect data. All the possible tags were extracted using AntConc 3.5.9 and the collocation were then studied. The results revealed that VTQs are under-used in non-native Englishes while least used in Pakistani English. As for the forms of VTQs, Pakistani speakers follow the native speakers and observe the grammatical rules. The functions of VTQs are analysed in Pakistani English, following Axelsson's (2011) model, and compared with that of Indian English as both varieties share almost similar linguistic and sociocultural backgrounds. The results show that declarative VTQs are preferred to seek and exchange information in both the varieties. The research suggests that further linguistic entities may be explored to observe the similarities/differences in native and non-native varieties, including Indian and Pakistani Englishes, to establish their identities.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2022
Accession Number: EJ1320271
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: Divergent Patterns of Variant Tag Questions in Pakistani English: A Corpus-Based Comparative Study
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hussain%2C+Zahida%22">Hussain, Zahida</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Asif%2C+Muhammad%22">Asif, Muhammad</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aslam%2C+Ayesha%22">Aslam, Ayesha</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mahmood%2C+Muhammad+Asim%22">Mahmood, Muhammad Asim</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Pegem+Journal+of+Education+and+Instruction%22"><i>Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction</i></searchLink>. 2021 11(4):370-378.
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  Data: Pegem Academy Publishing and Educational Guidance Services TLC. Mesrutiyet Caddesi, No: 45, Ankara, Kizilay 06420, Turkey. e-mail: editor@pegegog.net; Web site: http://www.pegegog.net/
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 9
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Variation%22">Language Variation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grammar%22">Grammar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computational+Linguistics%22">Computational Linguistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Language+Instruction%22">Second Language Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Language+Learning%22">Second Language Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22English+%28Second+Language%29%22">English (Second Language)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+of+Instruction%22">Language of Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phrase+Structure%22">Phrase Structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questioning+Techniques%22">Questioning Techniques</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Contrastive+Linguistics%22">Contrastive Linguistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Native+Language%22">Native Language</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adults%22">Adults</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Concept%22">Self Concept</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pakistan%22">Pakistan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22India%22">India</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Kingdom%22">United Kingdom</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Singapore%22">Singapore</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22New+Zealand%22">New Zealand</searchLink>
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 2146-0655
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The research explores forms and function of variant tag questions (VTQs) in the native and non-native Englishes. For the said purpose, patterns of VTQs in Pakistani English are compared with two native (British and New Zealand) and two non-native (Indian and Singaporean) varieties. The components of the "International Corpus of English," henceforth ICE (Greenbaum & Nelson, 1996) of the said varieties, have been used. Each ICE component consists of one- million-word corpus of the regional variety, with a common design, in order to ensure maximum comparability between the components (Nelson 1996). The ICE samples the English of adults (age 18 or over) who have been educated through medium of English to at least the end of secondary schooling. Convenient sampling technique is used to collect data. All the possible tags were extracted using AntConc 3.5.9 and the collocation were then studied. The results revealed that VTQs are under-used in non-native Englishes while least used in Pakistani English. As for the forms of VTQs, Pakistani speakers follow the native speakers and observe the grammatical rules. The functions of VTQs are analysed in Pakistani English, following Axelsson's (2011) model, and compared with that of Indian English as both varieties share almost similar linguistic and sociocultural backgrounds. The results show that declarative VTQs are preferred to seek and exchange information in both the varieties. The research suggests that further linguistic entities may be explored to observe the similarities/differences in native and non-native varieties, including Indian and Pakistani Englishes, to establish their identities.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2022
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  Label: Accession Number
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  Data: EJ1320271
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 370
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Language Variation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grammar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computational Linguistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Second Language Instruction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Second Language Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: English (Second Language)
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      – SubjectFull: Language of Instruction
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      – SubjectFull: Phrase Structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questioning Techniques
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Contrastive Linguistics
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      – SubjectFull: Native Language
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      – SubjectFull: Adults
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      – SubjectFull: Self Concept
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      – SubjectFull: Pakistan
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      – SubjectFull: India
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      – SubjectFull: United Kingdom
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      – SubjectFull: Singapore
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: New Zealand
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Divergent Patterns of Variant Tag Questions in Pakistani English: A Corpus-Based Comparative Study
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            NameFull: Hussain, Zahida
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            NameFull: Mahmood, Muhammad Asim
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              Y: 2021
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