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Reinforcement Learning of Irrelevant Stimulus-Response Associations Modulates Cognitive Control

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Title: Reinforcement Learning of Irrelevant Stimulus-Response Associations Modulates Cognitive Control
Language: English
Authors: Chen, Jinglu, Tan, Ling, Liu, Lu, Wang, Ling (ORCID 0000-0002-3935-5795)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Oct 2021 47(10):1585-1598.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2021
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Reaction Time, Prediction, Color, Task Analysis, Correlation, Error Patterns, Rewards, Attention Control, Learning Processes, Cognitive Ability, Visual Stimuli, Handedness, Foreign Countries, Computer Assisted Testing, Computer Software, Comparative Analysis
Geographic Terms: China
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Edinburgh Handedness Inventory
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000850
ISSN: 0278-7393
Abstract: It has been demonstrated that the Simon effect may be increased or reversed due to proportion congruency manipulation, suggesting that learned spatial irrelevant stimulus-response (S-R) associations are used to guide responses. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that learning spatial irrelevant S-R associations by rewards may show a similar modulatory effect on the Simon effect. In two experiments with the Simon task, we manipulated the contingency of stimulus-response-reward between groups. Experiment 1 showed that the Simon effect in both reaction times and error rates increased if potential performance-contingent rewards always followed congruent trials but decreased and was even reversed if rewards always followed incongruent trials. These suggest that participants used reward-strengthened spatially compatible and incompatible irrelevant S-R associations respectively to predict responses. Experiment 2 showed that the data pattern of the increase and reversal of the Simon effect showed in both rewarded and nonrewarded colors, suggesting that reward-strengthened spatial irrelevant S-R associations were used to guide responses even when there were no potential rewards. Together, these results resemble the proportion congruency effect with the Simon task, suggesting that there could be stronger conflict and attentional control when the correct response is different from the response activated by reward-strengthened irrelevant S-R associations. This suggests that reinforcement learning of irrelevant S-R associations can modulate cognitive control.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2022
Accession Number: EJ1322196
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Reinforcement Learning of Irrelevant Stimulus-Response Associations Modulates Cognitive Control
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Jinglu%22">Chen, Jinglu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tan%2C+Ling%22">Tan, Ling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Lu%22">Liu, Lu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Ling%22">Wang, Ling</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3935-5795">0000-0002-3935-5795</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology%3A+Learning%2C+Memory%2C+and+Cognition%22"><i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition</i></searchLink>. Oct 2021 47(10):1585-1598.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: 14
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  Data: It has been demonstrated that the Simon effect may be increased or reversed due to proportion congruency manipulation, suggesting that learned spatial irrelevant stimulus-response (S-R) associations are used to guide responses. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that learning spatial irrelevant S-R associations by rewards may show a similar modulatory effect on the Simon effect. In two experiments with the Simon task, we manipulated the contingency of stimulus-response-reward between groups. Experiment 1 showed that the Simon effect in both reaction times and error rates increased if potential performance-contingent rewards always followed congruent trials but decreased and was even reversed if rewards always followed incongruent trials. These suggest that participants used reward-strengthened spatially compatible and incompatible irrelevant S-R associations respectively to predict responses. Experiment 2 showed that the data pattern of the increase and reversal of the Simon effect showed in both rewarded and nonrewarded colors, suggesting that reward-strengthened spatial irrelevant S-R associations were used to guide responses even when there were no potential rewards. Together, these results resemble the proportion congruency effect with the Simon task, suggesting that there could be stronger conflict and attentional control when the correct response is different from the response activated by reward-strengthened irrelevant S-R associations. This suggests that reinforcement learning of irrelevant S-R associations can modulate cognitive control.
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  Data: 2022
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        Value: 10.1037/xlm0000850
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1585
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Reinforcement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reaction Time
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prediction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Color
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      – SubjectFull: Task Analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Rewards
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      – SubjectFull: Attention Control
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      – SubjectFull: Learning Processes
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Ability
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      – SubjectFull: Visual Stimuli
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      – SubjectFull: Handedness
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Computer Assisted Testing
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      – SubjectFull: Comparative Analysis
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      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Edinburgh Handedness Inventory
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      – TitleFull: Reinforcement Learning of Irrelevant Stimulus-Response Associations Modulates Cognitive Control
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            NameFull: Chen, Jinglu
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            NameFull: Wang, Ling
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              Y: 2021
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