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Simulating Semantics: Are Individual Differences in Motor Imagery Related to Sensorimotor Effects in Language Processing?

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Title: Simulating Semantics: Are Individual Differences in Motor Imagery Related to Sensorimotor Effects in Language Processing?
Language: English
Authors: Muraki, Emiko J. (ORCID 0000-0001-9534-6538), Pexman, Penny M. (ORCID 0000-0001-7130-0973)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Dec 2021 47(12):1939-1957.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 19
Publication Date: 2021
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Semantics, Language Processing, Individual Differences, Decision Making, Language Usage, Psychomotor Skills, Imagery, Simulation, Motor Reactions, Task Analysis, Vocabulary, Correlation, Sentences, Pictorial Stimuli, Undergraduate Students, Reading Tests, Foreign Countries, Handedness, Measures (Individuals), Schemata (Cognition), Factor Analysis
Geographic Terms: Canada (Calgary)
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Edinburgh Handedness Inventory
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001039
ISSN: 0278-7393
Abstract: In embodied theories of semantic representation, the processes and mechanisms of modal simulations that are engaged during semantic processing have tended to be underspecified. We investigated the possibility that motor imagery may be a mechanism of simulation, using an individual differences approach. In this preregistered study, we assessed motor imagery abilities (n = 161) with implicit and explicit measures and identified two latent factors. We then examined whether those factors account for significant variations in sensorimotor effects observed in three different language tasks: a lexical-decision task, syntactic classification task, and sentence-picture verification task. In the language tasks, when all participants were considered together, we replicated some previously reported sensorimotor effects (e.g., body-object interaction [BOI], effects in semantic processing, wherein words associated with more sensorimotor information were processed more quickly than words associated with less sensorimotor information) and did not replicate others (e.g., BOI effects in the lexical decision task, congruency effects in sentence picture verification task). There were no significant relationships between imagery factor scores and sensorimotor effects. A follow-up analysis using scores from each motor imagery measure revealed a significant interaction between hand movement imagery and BOI effects in the syntactic classification task, with those higher in this imagery ability showing a larger BOI effect. This latter result may suggest that specific types of motor imagery are related to sensorimotor effects in semantic processing; however, further investigation is needed. In general, our findings provide little support for the possibility that motor imagery is an underlying mechanism of sensorimotor simulation during language processing.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://osf.io/s28ea
Entry Date: 2022
Accession Number: EJ1326193
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Simulating Semantics: Are Individual Differences in Motor Imagery Related to Sensorimotor Effects in Language Processing?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Muraki%2C+Emiko+J%2E%22">Muraki, Emiko J.</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-6538">0000-0001-9534-6538</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pexman%2C+Penny+M%2E%22">Pexman, Penny M.</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7130-0973">0000-0001-7130-0973</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology%3A+Learning%2C+Memory%2C+and+Cognition%22"><i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition</i></searchLink>. Dec 2021 47(12):1939-1957.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: 19
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  Data: 2021
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Semantics%22">Semantics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Processing%22">Language Processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Individual+Differences%22">Individual Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Decision+Making%22">Decision Making</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Usage%22">Language Usage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychomotor+Skills%22">Psychomotor Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Imagery%22">Imagery</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Simulation%22">Simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motor+Reactions%22">Motor Reactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Task+Analysis%22">Task Analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vocabulary%22">Vocabulary</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Correlation%22">Correlation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sentences%22">Sentences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pictorial+Stimuli%22">Pictorial Stimuli</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Undergraduate+Students%22">Undergraduate Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reading+Tests%22">Reading Tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Handedness%22">Handedness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measures+%28Individuals%29%22">Measures (Individuals)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Schemata+%28Cognition%29%22">Schemata (Cognition)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+Analysis%22">Factor Analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1037/xlm0001039
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  Data: In embodied theories of semantic representation, the processes and mechanisms of modal simulations that are engaged during semantic processing have tended to be underspecified. We investigated the possibility that motor imagery may be a mechanism of simulation, using an individual differences approach. In this preregistered study, we assessed motor imagery abilities (n = 161) with implicit and explicit measures and identified two latent factors. We then examined whether those factors account for significant variations in sensorimotor effects observed in three different language tasks: a lexical-decision task, syntactic classification task, and sentence-picture verification task. In the language tasks, when all participants were considered together, we replicated some previously reported sensorimotor effects (e.g., body-object interaction [BOI], effects in semantic processing, wherein words associated with more sensorimotor information were processed more quickly than words associated with less sensorimotor information) and did not replicate others (e.g., BOI effects in the lexical decision task, congruency effects in sentence picture verification task). There were no significant relationships between imagery factor scores and sensorimotor effects. A follow-up analysis using scores from each motor imagery measure revealed a significant interaction between hand movement imagery and BOI effects in the syntactic classification task, with those higher in this imagery ability showing a larger BOI effect. This latter result may suggest that specific types of motor imagery are related to sensorimotor effects in semantic processing; however, further investigation is needed. In general, our findings provide little support for the possibility that motor imagery is an underlying mechanism of sensorimotor simulation during language processing.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: https://osf.io/s28ea
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  Data: 2022
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        Value: 10.1037/xlm0001039
    Languages:
      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 1939
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      – SubjectFull: Semantics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Processing
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      – SubjectFull: Individual Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Decision Making
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      – SubjectFull: Language Usage
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      – SubjectFull: Psychomotor Skills
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      – SubjectFull: Imagery
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      – SubjectFull: Simulation
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      – SubjectFull: Motor Reactions
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      – SubjectFull: Task Analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Factor Analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Canada (Calgary)
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      – SubjectFull: Edinburgh Handedness Inventory
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