Early Grammatical Marking Development in Mandarin-Speaking Toddlers

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Title: Early Grammatical Marking Development in Mandarin-Speaking Toddlers
Language: English
Authors: Huang, Ruoyu (ORCID 0000-0001-7389-8796), Fletcher, Paul, Zhang, Zhixiang, Liang, Weilan, Marchman, Virginia, Tardif, Twila
Source: Developmental Psychology. Apr 2022 58(4):631-645.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 15
Publication Date: 2022
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Toddlers, Mandarin Chinese, Grammar, Language Acquisition, Language Skills, Morphemes, English, Syntax, Morphology (Languages), Foreign Countries
Geographic Terms: China (Beijing)
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory
DOI: 10.1037/dev0001316
ISSN: 0012-1649
Abstract: The current study examined early grammatical marking in a relatively understudied language, Mandarin, by using the Mandarin version of MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory. Two waves of data collection included 338 monolingual children (17-36 months; 143 female) at Time 1 and 308 children (32-55 months; 139 female) at Time 2 and their caregivers, whose education ranged from third grade (elementary school) or below to postgraduate with a median of high school. Our data showed a clear order of grammatical marking acquisition among these children and supported findings on the linguistic specificity of morphological development such that early- and late-acquired markers in Mandarin are not acquired in the same order as English or other languages. Negative "mei2," "bu4," possessive "-de," classifiers, and the aspect marker "le" were the earliest-acquired markers, followed by modals, negative "bie2," adverbs, sentence final particles, resultative verb compounds, and aspect markers "guo4" and "yao4." Complex clauses and the aspect marker "zheng4" were acquired the latest. Furthermore, consistent with previous cross-linguistic studies, the development patterns of a wide range of Mandarin grammatical markers indicate that markers that are more perceptually salient and obligatory, have clear form-meaning mappings, and often appear in isolation or utterance-final position were acquired earlier than others.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2022
Accession Number: EJ1333850
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Early Grammatical Marking Development in Mandarin-Speaking Toddlers
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Ruoyu%22">Huang, Ruoyu</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7389-8796">0000-0001-7389-8796</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fletcher%2C+Paul%22">Fletcher, Paul</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Zhixiang%22">Zhang, Zhixiang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liang%2C+Weilan%22">Liang, Weilan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marchman%2C+Virginia%22">Marchman, Virginia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tardif%2C+Twila%22">Tardif, Twila</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Developmental+Psychology%22"><i>Developmental Psychology</i></searchLink>. Apr 2022 58(4):631-645.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Toddlers%22">Toddlers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mandarin+Chinese%22">Mandarin Chinese</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grammar%22">Grammar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Acquisition%22">Language Acquisition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Skills%22">Language Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Morphemes%22">Morphemes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22English%22">English</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Syntax%22">Syntax</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Morphology+%28Languages%29%22">Morphology (Languages)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1037/dev0001316
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  Data: 0012-1649
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The current study examined early grammatical marking in a relatively understudied language, Mandarin, by using the Mandarin version of MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory. Two waves of data collection included 338 monolingual children (17-36 months; 143 female) at Time 1 and 308 children (32-55 months; 139 female) at Time 2 and their caregivers, whose education ranged from third grade (elementary school) or below to postgraduate with a median of high school. Our data showed a clear order of grammatical marking acquisition among these children and supported findings on the linguistic specificity of morphological development such that early- and late-acquired markers in Mandarin are not acquired in the same order as English or other languages. Negative "mei2," "bu4," possessive "-de," classifiers, and the aspect marker "le" were the earliest-acquired markers, followed by modals, negative "bie2," adverbs, sentence final particles, resultative verb compounds, and aspect markers "guo4" and "yao4." Complex clauses and the aspect marker "zheng4" were acquired the latest. Furthermore, consistent with previous cross-linguistic studies, the development patterns of a wide range of Mandarin grammatical markers indicate that markers that are more perceptually salient and obligatory, have clear form-meaning mappings, and often appear in isolation or utterance-final position were acquired earlier than others.
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  Data: EJ1333850
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      – SubjectFull: Toddlers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mandarin Chinese
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      – SubjectFull: Grammar
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