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Beyond Competencies: Associations between Personality and School Grades Are Largely Independent of Subject-Specific and General Cognitive Competencies

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Title: Beyond Competencies: Associations between Personality and School Grades Are Largely Independent of Subject-Specific and General Cognitive Competencies
Authors: Roemer, Lena, Lechner, Clemens M. (ORCID 0000-0003-3053-8701), Rammstedt, Beatrice (ORCID 0000-0002-6941-8507)
Source: Journal of Intelligence. 2022 10.
Availability: MDPI AG. Klybeckstrasse 64, 4057 Basel, Switzerland. e-mail: indexing@mdpi.com; e-mail: jintelligence@mdpi.com; Web site: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jintelligence
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 19
Publication Date: 2022
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Grade 7
Junior High Schools
Middle Schools
Secondary Education
Grade 9
High Schools
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Grade 7, Grade 9, Personality Traits, Grades (Scholastic), Academic Achievement, Cognitive Ability, Competence, Personality Measures
Geographic Terms: Germany
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Big Five Inventory
ISSN: 2079-3200
Abstract: The Big Five personality traits are established predictors of school grades. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not yet well understood. Effects of personality on grades might arise because behavioral tendencies facilitate learning and increase subject-specific competencies. Alternatively, personality effects on grades might be independent of cognitive competencies and reflect otherwise valued behaviors or teachers' grading practices. In the current study, we drew on large-scale data of 7th and 9th graders in Germany to explore the extent to which personality predicted grades even after accounting for competencies. Controlling for competencies and other key covariates, we cross-sectionally and longitudinally examined personality-grade associations across different school subjects, grade levels, and school types. Results indicate that the predictive power of personality is largely independent of subject-specific and general cognitive competencies. The largest effects emerged for conscientiousness. For openness, associations with grades partly overlapped with competencies, suggesting that openness may operate by fostering competencies. Overall, our results suggest that the associations between personality and grades unfold mostly independently of course mastery. This finding underlines the socioemotional value of personality in the classroom and encourages a more fine-grained view of the interplay between personality, competencies, classroom behavior, and grades.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://osf.io/vmn9p
Entry Date: 2022
Accession Number: EJ1354119
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Beyond Competencies: Associations between Personality and School Grades Are Largely Independent of Subject-Specific and General Cognitive Competencies
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roemer%2C+Lena%22">Roemer, Lena</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lechner%2C+Clemens+M%2E%22">Lechner, Clemens M.</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3053-8701">0000-0003-3053-8701</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rammstedt%2C+Beatrice%22">Rammstedt, Beatrice</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6941-8507">0000-0002-6941-8507</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Intelligence%22"><i>Journal of Intelligence</i></searchLink>. 2022 10.
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  Data: MDPI AG. Klybeckstrasse 64, 4057 Basel, Switzerland. e-mail: indexing@mdpi.com; e-mail: jintelligence@mdpi.com; Web site: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jintelligence
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  Data: 19
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+7%22">Grade 7</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+9%22">Grade 9</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Personality+Traits%22">Personality Traits</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grades+%28Scholastic%29%22">Grades (Scholastic)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+Achievement%22">Academic Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+Ability%22">Cognitive Ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Competence%22">Competence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Personality+Measures%22">Personality Measures</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The Big Five personality traits are established predictors of school grades. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not yet well understood. Effects of personality on grades might arise because behavioral tendencies facilitate learning and increase subject-specific competencies. Alternatively, personality effects on grades might be independent of cognitive competencies and reflect otherwise valued behaviors or teachers' grading practices. In the current study, we drew on large-scale data of 7th and 9th graders in Germany to explore the extent to which personality predicted grades even after accounting for competencies. Controlling for competencies and other key covariates, we cross-sectionally and longitudinally examined personality-grade associations across different school subjects, grade levels, and school types. Results indicate that the predictive power of personality is largely independent of subject-specific and general cognitive competencies. The largest effects emerged for conscientiousness. For openness, associations with grades partly overlapped with competencies, suggesting that openness may operate by fostering competencies. Overall, our results suggest that the associations between personality and grades unfold mostly independently of course mastery. This finding underlines the socioemotional value of personality in the classroom and encourages a more fine-grained view of the interplay between personality, competencies, classroom behavior, and grades.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: https://osf.io/vmn9p
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  Data: 2022
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  Data: EJ1354119
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 7
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 9
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      – SubjectFull: Competence
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