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Overrepresentation of Indigenous Students in School Suspension, Exclusion, and Enrolment Cancellation in Queensland: Is There a Case for Systemic Inclusive School Reform?

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Title: Overrepresentation of Indigenous Students in School Suspension, Exclusion, and Enrolment Cancellation in Queensland: Is There a Case for Systemic Inclusive School Reform?
Language: English
Authors: Graham, Linda J. (ORCID 0000-0002-6827-808X), Killingly, Callula, Laurens, Kristin R., Sweller, Naomi
Source: Australian Educational Researcher. Apr 2023 50(2):167-201.
Availability: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 35
Publication Date: 2023
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Secondary Education
Elementary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Indigenous Populations, Secondary School Students, State Schools, Suspension, Expulsion, Enrollment, Elementary School Students, Control Groups, Justice, Discipline, Educational Change, Evidence, Inclusion
Geographic Terms: Australia
DOI: 10.1007/s13384-021-00504-1
ISSN: 0311-6999
2210-5328
Abstract: Well-established evidence of the ill-effects of exclusionary school discipline, its disproportionate use on students of colour, and association with the "school-to-prison pipeline" has, in the last decade, led to systemic reforms in the United States, which are successfully reducing exclusion and improving outcomes. Few studies, however, have similarly investigated overrepresentation in Australia, with little attention to systemic reform as a result. In this study, we analysed suspension, exclusion, and enrolment cancellation rates in Queensland (QLD) government schools between 2013 and 2019 and found Indigenous students were consistently overrepresented. Suspension incidents proportionate to enrolments increased for all students, but this increase was faster for Indigenous than non-Indigenous students and driven primarily by steep rises in short suspensions during primary school (Preparatory-6). Exclusions increased--again disproportionately--for Indigenous students, chiefly in secondary school (7-12). During 2019, Physical Misconduct had the highest incident rate for both groups; however, Indigenous students were most overrepresented in suspensions for Disruptive/Disengaged behaviours. Further, while Indigenous students were overrepresented in all QLD regions, one region's Indigenous suspension rate was higher than all others despite no difference in the distribution of Indigenous/non-Indigenous enrolments across regions. The scale and nature of Indigenous overrepresentation in exclusionary discipline incidents in QLD indicate clear need for further research to secure political commitment to systemic inclusive school reform, as well as to produce high-quality evidence capable of guiding that reform.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2023
Accession Number: EJ1371772
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Overrepresentation of Indigenous Students in School Suspension, Exclusion, and Enrolment Cancellation in Queensland: Is There a Case for Systemic Inclusive School Reform?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Graham%2C+Linda+J%2E%22">Graham, Linda J.</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6827-808X">0000-0002-6827-808X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Killingly%2C+Callula%22">Killingly, Callula</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Laurens%2C+Kristin+R%2E%22">Laurens, Kristin R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sweller%2C+Naomi%22">Sweller, Naomi</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Australian+Educational+Researcher%22"><i>Australian Educational Researcher</i></searchLink>. Apr 2023 50(2):167-201.
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  Data: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
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  Data: 35
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indigenous+Populations%22">Indigenous Populations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+School+Students%22">Secondary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22State+Schools%22">State Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Suspension%22">Suspension</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Expulsion%22">Expulsion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enrollment%22">Enrollment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+School+Students%22">Elementary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Control+Groups%22">Control Groups</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Justice%22">Justice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Discipline%22">Discipline</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Change%22">Educational Change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evidence%22">Evidence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inclusion%22">Inclusion</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1007/s13384-021-00504-1
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  Data: 0311-6999<br />2210-5328
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Well-established evidence of the ill-effects of exclusionary school discipline, its disproportionate use on students of colour, and association with the "school-to-prison pipeline" has, in the last decade, led to systemic reforms in the United States, which are successfully reducing exclusion and improving outcomes. Few studies, however, have similarly investigated overrepresentation in Australia, with little attention to systemic reform as a result. In this study, we analysed suspension, exclusion, and enrolment cancellation rates in Queensland (QLD) government schools between 2013 and 2019 and found Indigenous students were consistently overrepresented. Suspension incidents proportionate to enrolments increased for all students, but this increase was faster for Indigenous than non-Indigenous students and driven primarily by steep rises in short suspensions during primary school (Preparatory-6). Exclusions increased--again disproportionately--for Indigenous students, chiefly in secondary school (7-12). During 2019, Physical Misconduct had the highest incident rate for both groups; however, Indigenous students were most overrepresented in suspensions for Disruptive/Disengaged behaviours. Further, while Indigenous students were overrepresented in all QLD regions, one region's Indigenous suspension rate was higher than all others despite no difference in the distribution of Indigenous/non-Indigenous enrolments across regions. The scale and nature of Indigenous overrepresentation in exclusionary discipline incidents in QLD indicate clear need for further research to secure political commitment to systemic inclusive school reform, as well as to produce high-quality evidence capable of guiding that reform.
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  Data: 2023
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        Value: 10.1007/s13384-021-00504-1
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 35
        StartPage: 167
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indigenous Populations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Secondary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: State Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Suspension
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      – SubjectFull: Expulsion
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      – SubjectFull: Enrollment
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      – SubjectFull: Elementary School Students
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      – SubjectFull: Control Groups
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      – SubjectFull: Justice
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      – SubjectFull: Discipline
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Change
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      – SubjectFull: Evidence
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      – SubjectFull: Inclusion
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      – SubjectFull: Australia
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Overrepresentation of Indigenous Students in School Suspension, Exclusion, and Enrolment Cancellation in Queensland: Is There a Case for Systemic Inclusive School Reform?
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