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Orientation Effects Support Specialist Processing of Upright Unfamiliar Faces in Children and Adults

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Title: Orientation Effects Support Specialist Processing of Upright Unfamiliar Faces in Children and Adults
Language: English
Authors: Ewing, Louise (ORCID 0000-0001-5263-1267), Mares, Inês, Edwards, S. Gareth, Smith, Marie L.
Source: Developmental Psychology. Jun 2023 59(6):1109-1115.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 7
Publication Date: 2023
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Human Body, Accuracy, Task Analysis, Whites, Adults, Children, Comparative Analysis, Age Differences, Error Patterns, Foreign Countries, Pictorial Stimuli, Identification, Memory, Tests
Geographic Terms: United Kingdom
DOI: 10.1037/dev0001454
ISSN: 0012-1649
1939-0599
Abstract: It is considerably harder to generalize identity across different pictures of unfamiliar faces, compared with familiar faces. This finding hints strongly at qualitatively distinct processing of unfamiliar face stimuli--for which we have less expertise. Yet, the extent to which face selective versus generic visual processes drive outcomes during this task has yet to be determined. To explore the relative contributions of each, we contrasted performance on a version of the popular Telling Faces Together unfamiliar face matching task, implemented in both upright and inverted orientations. Furthermore, we included different age groups (132 British children ages 6 to 11 years [69.7% White], plus 37 British White adults) to investigate how participants' experience with faces "as a category" influences their selective utilization of specialized processes for unfamiliar faces. Results revealed that unfamiliar face matching is highly orientation-selective. Accuracy was higher for upright compared with inverted faces from 6 years of age, which is consistent with selective utilization of specialized processes for upright versus inverted unfamiliar faces during this task. The effect of stimulus orientation did not interact significantly with age, and there was no graded increase in the magnitude of inversion effects observed across childhood. Still, a numerically larger inversion effect in adults compared to children provides a degree of support for developmental changes in these specialized face abilities with increasing age/experience. Differences in the pattern of errors across age groups are also consistent with a qualitative shift in unfamiliar face processing that occurs some time after 11 years of age.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://osf.io/8qbv7/?view_only=2b89be08cbd949dcb169b267eb48860d
Entry Date: 2023
Accession Number: EJ1384354
Database: ERIC
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ewing%2C+Louise%22">Ewing, Louise</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5263-1267">0000-0001-5263-1267</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mares%2C+Inês%22">Mares, Inês</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Edwards%2C+S%2E+Gareth%22">Edwards, S. Gareth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smith%2C+Marie+L%2E%22">Smith, Marie L.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Developmental+Psychology%22"><i>Developmental Psychology</i></searchLink>. Jun 2023 59(6):1109-1115.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: 10.1037/dev0001454
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  Data: 0012-1649<br />1939-0599
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: It is considerably harder to generalize identity across different pictures of unfamiliar faces, compared with familiar faces. This finding hints strongly at qualitatively distinct processing of unfamiliar face stimuli--for which we have less expertise. Yet, the extent to which face selective versus generic visual processes drive outcomes during this task has yet to be determined. To explore the relative contributions of each, we contrasted performance on a version of the popular Telling Faces Together unfamiliar face matching task, implemented in both upright and inverted orientations. Furthermore, we included different age groups (132 British children ages 6 to 11 years [69.7% White], plus 37 British White adults) to investigate how participants' experience with faces "as a category" influences their selective utilization of specialized processes for unfamiliar faces. Results revealed that unfamiliar face matching is highly orientation-selective. Accuracy was higher for upright compared with inverted faces from 6 years of age, which is consistent with selective utilization of specialized processes for upright versus inverted unfamiliar faces during this task. The effect of stimulus orientation did not interact significantly with age, and there was no graded increase in the magnitude of inversion effects observed across childhood. Still, a numerically larger inversion effect in adults compared to children provides a degree of support for developmental changes in these specialized face abilities with increasing age/experience. Differences in the pattern of errors across age groups are also consistent with a qualitative shift in unfamiliar face processing that occurs some time after 11 years of age.
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  Data: 2023
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  Data: EJ1384354
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        PageCount: 7
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Processes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Human Body
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      – TitleFull: Orientation Effects Support Specialist Processing of Upright Unfamiliar Faces in Children and Adults
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