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Exploring the Co-Occurrence of Students' Learning Behaviours and Reasoning Processes in an Intelligent Tutoring System: An Epistemic Network Analysis

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Title: Exploring the Co-Occurrence of Students' Learning Behaviours and Reasoning Processes in an Intelligent Tutoring System: An Epistemic Network Analysis
Language: English
Authors: Huang, Xiaoshan (ORCID 0000-0002-2853-7219), Li, Shan (ORCID 0000-0001-6001-1586), Wang, Tingting (ORCID 0000-0002-6315-4029), Pan, Zexuan, Lajoie, Susanne P.
Source: Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. Oct 2023 39(5):1701-1713.
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 13
Publication Date: 2023
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Medical Students, Self Management, Problem Solving, Logical Thinking, Thinking Skills, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, High Achievement, Low Achievement, Skill Development, Difficulty Level, Self Evaluation (Individuals), Reflection, Student Behavior
DOI: 10.1111/jcal.12827
ISSN: 0266-4909
1365-2729
Abstract: Background: Medical students use a variety of self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies in different medical reasoning (MR) processes to solve patient cases of varying complexity. However, the interplay between SRL and MR processes is still unclear. Objectives: This study investigates how self-regulated learning (SRL) and medical reasoning (MR) occurred concurrently in medical students while completing a diagnostic task in an intelligent tutoring system. This study aims to provide new insights into performance differences between high- and low-achieving students in tasks of varying complexity. Methods: Thirty-one medical students (67.6% female) from a large North American university were tasked with solving two virtual patient cases in an intelligent tutoring system, BioWorld. BioWorld was designed for medical students to practice clinical reasoning skills deliberately. We collected students' think-aloud protocols, based on which we coded their use of SRL behaviours and medical reasoning activities. We analysed the co-occurrences of SRL behaviours and medical reasoning activities using the epistemic network analysis (ENA) method. Results: The SRL behaviour self-reflection and MR activity lines of reasoning co-occurred more frequently in a difficult task than in an easy task. In both tasks, high performers demonstrated more co-occurrences of self-reflection and lines of reasoning than low performers. Moreover, the MR activity conceptual operations co-occurred more frequently with the SRL activities of monitoring and evaluation among high performers compared to low performers in an easy task. Implications: The co-occurrences of SRL behaviours and MR processes account for students' performance differences. The design of computer-based learning environments for clinical reasoning should promote the acquisition of both SRL and medical reasoning abilities. Moreover, medical educators should consider task complexity when scaffolding.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2023
Accession Number: EJ1391971
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Exploring the Co-Occurrence of Students' Learning Behaviours and Reasoning Processes in an Intelligent Tutoring System: An Epistemic Network Analysis
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Xiaoshan%22">Huang, Xiaoshan</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2853-7219">0000-0002-2853-7219</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Shan%22">Li, Shan</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-1586">0000-0001-6001-1586</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Tingting%22">Wang, Tingting</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6315-4029">0000-0002-6315-4029</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pan%2C+Zexuan%22">Pan, Zexuan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lajoie%2C+Susanne+P%2E%22">Lajoie, Susanne P.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Computer+Assisted+Learning%22"><i>Journal of Computer Assisted Learning</i></searchLink>. Oct 2023 39(5):1701-1713.
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: 13
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+Students%22">Medical Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Management%22">Self Management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Problem+Solving%22">Problem Solving</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logical+Thinking%22">Logical Thinking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thinking+Skills%22">Thinking Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intelligent+Tutoring+Systems%22">Intelligent Tutoring Systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+Achievement%22">High Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Low+Achievement%22">Low Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Skill+Development%22">Skill Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Difficulty+Level%22">Difficulty Level</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Evaluation+%28Individuals%29%22">Self Evaluation (Individuals)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reflection%22">Reflection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Behavior%22">Student Behavior</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1111/jcal.12827
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 0266-4909<br />1365-2729
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Medical students use a variety of self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies in different medical reasoning (MR) processes to solve patient cases of varying complexity. However, the interplay between SRL and MR processes is still unclear. Objectives: This study investigates how self-regulated learning (SRL) and medical reasoning (MR) occurred concurrently in medical students while completing a diagnostic task in an intelligent tutoring system. This study aims to provide new insights into performance differences between high- and low-achieving students in tasks of varying complexity. Methods: Thirty-one medical students (67.6% female) from a large North American university were tasked with solving two virtual patient cases in an intelligent tutoring system, BioWorld. BioWorld was designed for medical students to practice clinical reasoning skills deliberately. We collected students' think-aloud protocols, based on which we coded their use of SRL behaviours and medical reasoning activities. We analysed the co-occurrences of SRL behaviours and medical reasoning activities using the epistemic network analysis (ENA) method. Results: The SRL behaviour self-reflection and MR activity lines of reasoning co-occurred more frequently in a difficult task than in an easy task. In both tasks, high performers demonstrated more co-occurrences of self-reflection and lines of reasoning than low performers. Moreover, the MR activity conceptual operations co-occurred more frequently with the SRL activities of monitoring and evaluation among high performers compared to low performers in an easy task. Implications: The co-occurrences of SRL behaviours and MR processes account for students' performance differences. The design of computer-based learning environments for clinical reasoning should promote the acquisition of both SRL and medical reasoning abilities. Moreover, medical educators should consider task complexity when scaffolding.
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        Value: 10.1111/jcal.12827
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 13
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      – SubjectFull: Medical Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self Management
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      – SubjectFull: Problem Solving
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      – SubjectFull: Logical Thinking
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      – SubjectFull: Thinking Skills
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      – SubjectFull: Reflection
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      – SubjectFull: Student Behavior
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      – TitleFull: Exploring the Co-Occurrence of Students' Learning Behaviours and Reasoning Processes in an Intelligent Tutoring System: An Epistemic Network Analysis
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