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Why Some Homogeneous Adult Learning Groups May Be Necessary for Encouraging Diversity: A Theory of Conditional Social Equality

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Title: Why Some Homogeneous Adult Learning Groups May Be Necessary for Encouraging Diversity: A Theory of Conditional Social Equality
Language: English
Authors: Ahl, Helene, Hedegaard, Joel, Golding, Barry
Source: Australian Journal of Adult Learning. Jul 2023 63(2):119-139.
Availability: Adult Learning Australia. Office 1, Henderson House, 45 Moreland Street, Footscray VIC 3011, Australia. Tel: +61-3-9689-8623; e-mail: info@ala.asn.au; Web site: http://www.ala.asn.au
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 21
Publication Date: 2023
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Adult Education
Descriptors: Adult Education, Homogeneous Grouping, Single Sex Classes, Males, Social Status, Sex Stereotypes, Community Education, Foreign Countries, Equal Education
Geographic Terms: Denmark, New Zealand, Australia
ISSN: 1443-1394
Abstract: This paper proposes a new theory of Conditional Social Equality (CSE) which in some ways challenges the theory of cumulative advantage/disadvantage (CAD), which postulates that inequalities and social divisions necessarily increase over time. Using evidence from informal learning groups in Men's Sheds in three countries, we conclude that some social divisions between homosocial groups, in this case groups of older men, may actually decrease -- but only under certain conditions. Male-gendered learning groups that were relatively homogeneous by age helped erase class divisions and softened gender stereotypes. Our theory of conditional social equality (CSE) predicts the following: (1) in-group homogeneity can enable the acceptance of some aspects of heterogeneity; (2) some other aspects of in-group heterogeneity may not be tolerated, thus maintaining in-group cohesion; and (3) in-group homogeneity and boundary setting towards out-groups may be prerequisites for the acceptance of (some) aspects of in-group heterogeneity. All of this has important implications for adult learning in both heterogeneous and homogenous groups.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2023
Accession Number: EJ1392943
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Why Some Homogeneous Adult Learning Groups May Be Necessary for Encouraging Diversity: A Theory of Conditional Social Equality
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Australian+Journal+of+Adult+Learning%22"><i>Australian Journal of Adult Learning</i></searchLink>. Jul 2023 63(2):119-139.
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  Data: Adult Learning Australia. Office 1, Henderson House, 45 Moreland Street, Footscray VIC 3011, Australia. Tel: +61-3-9689-8623; e-mail: info@ala.asn.au; Web site: http://www.ala.asn.au
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  Data: This paper proposes a new theory of Conditional Social Equality (CSE) which in some ways challenges the theory of cumulative advantage/disadvantage (CAD), which postulates that inequalities and social divisions necessarily increase over time. Using evidence from informal learning groups in Men's Sheds in three countries, we conclude that some social divisions between homosocial groups, in this case groups of older men, may actually decrease -- but only under certain conditions. Male-gendered learning groups that were relatively homogeneous by age helped erase class divisions and softened gender stereotypes. Our theory of conditional social equality (CSE) predicts the following: (1) in-group homogeneity can enable the acceptance of some aspects of heterogeneity; (2) some other aspects of in-group heterogeneity may not be tolerated, thus maintaining in-group cohesion; and (3) in-group homogeneity and boundary setting towards out-groups may be prerequisites for the acceptance of (some) aspects of in-group heterogeneity. All of this has important implications for adult learning in both heterogeneous and homogenous groups.
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        StartPage: 119
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      – SubjectFull: Adult Education
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      – SubjectFull: Homogeneous Grouping
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      – SubjectFull: Single Sex Classes
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      – SubjectFull: Males
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      – SubjectFull: Social Status
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      – SubjectFull: Sex Stereotypes
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      – SubjectFull: Community Education
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Equal Education
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      – SubjectFull: Denmark
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: New Zealand
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      – SubjectFull: Australia
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      – TitleFull: Why Some Homogeneous Adult Learning Groups May Be Necessary for Encouraging Diversity: A Theory of Conditional Social Equality
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