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What Drives Task Performance in Animal Fluency in Individuals Without Dementia? The SMART-MR Study

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Title: What Drives Task Performance in Animal Fluency in Individuals Without Dementia? The SMART-MR Study
Authors: Adrià Rofes (ORCID 0000-0002-4274-1734), Magdalena Beran, Roel Jonkers, Mirjam I. Geerlings, Jet M. J. Vonk
Source: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2023 66(9):3473-3485.
Availability: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: slhr@asha.org; Web site: http://jslhr.pubs.asha.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 13
Publication Date: 2023
Sponsoring Agency: National Institute on Aging (NIA) (DHHS/NIH)
Contract Number: K99AG066934
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Indo European Languages, Language Skills, Executive Function, Animals, Cognitive Ability, Neurological Impairments, Neurological Organization, Cognitive Tests, Dementia, Word Frequency, Adults
DOI: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00445
ISSN: 1092-4388
1558-9102
Abstract: Purpose: In this study, we aim to understand whether and how performance in animal fluency (i.e., total correct word count) relates to linguistic levels and/or executive functions by looking at sequence information and item-level metrics (i.e., clusters, switches, and word properties). Method: Seven hundred thirty-one Dutch-speaking individuals without dementia from the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance study responded to an animal fluency task (120 s). We obtained cluster size and number of switches for the task, and eight different word properties for each correct word produced. We detected variables that determine total word count with random forests, and used conditional inference trees to assess points along the scales of such variables, at which total word count changes significantly. Results: Number of switches, average cluster size, lexical decision response times, word frequency, and concreteness determined total correct word count in animal fluency. People who produced more correct words produced more switches and bigger clusters. People who produced fewer words produced fewer switches and more frequent words. Conclusions: Concurrent with existing literature, individuals without dementia rely on language and executive functioning to produce words in animal fluency. The novelty of our work is that such results were shown based on a data-driven approach using sequence information and item-level metrics.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2024
Accession Number: EJ1406913
Database: ERIC
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adrià+Rofes%22">Adrià Rofes</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4274-1734">0000-0002-4274-1734</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Magdalena+Beran%22">Magdalena Beran</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roel+Jonkers%22">Roel Jonkers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mirjam+I%2E+Geerlings%22">Mirjam I. Geerlings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jet+M%2E+J%2E+Vonk%22">Jet M. J. Vonk</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language%2C+and+Hearing+Research%22"><i>Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research</i></searchLink>. 2023 66(9):3473-3485.
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  Data: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: slhr@asha.org; Web site: http://jslhr.pubs.asha.org
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  Data: 13
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indo+European+Languages%22">Indo European Languages</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Skills%22">Language Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+Function%22">Executive Function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+Ability%22">Cognitive Ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurological+Impairments%22">Neurological Impairments</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurological+Organization%22">Neurological Organization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+Tests%22">Cognitive Tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dementia%22">Dementia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Word+Frequency%22">Word Frequency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adults%22">Adults</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00445
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  Data: 1092-4388<br />1558-9102
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: In this study, we aim to understand whether and how performance in animal fluency (i.e., total correct word count) relates to linguistic levels and/or executive functions by looking at sequence information and item-level metrics (i.e., clusters, switches, and word properties). Method: Seven hundred thirty-one Dutch-speaking individuals without dementia from the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance study responded to an animal fluency task (120 s). We obtained cluster size and number of switches for the task, and eight different word properties for each correct word produced. We detected variables that determine total word count with random forests, and used conditional inference trees to assess points along the scales of such variables, at which total word count changes significantly. Results: Number of switches, average cluster size, lexical decision response times, word frequency, and concreteness determined total correct word count in animal fluency. People who produced more correct words produced more switches and bigger clusters. People who produced fewer words produced fewer switches and more frequent words. Conclusions: Concurrent with existing literature, individuals without dementia rely on language and executive functioning to produce words in animal fluency. The novelty of our work is that such results were shown based on a data-driven approach using sequence information and item-level metrics.
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      – SubjectFull: Indo European Languages
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Skills
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      – SubjectFull: Executive Function
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      – SubjectFull: Animals
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      – SubjectFull: Dementia
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      – SubjectFull: Word Frequency
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      – SubjectFull: Adults
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      – TitleFull: What Drives Task Performance in Animal Fluency in Individuals Without Dementia? The SMART-MR Study
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