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Comparing Labor Market Performance of Vocational and General School Graduates in Indonesia: Insights from Stable and Crisis Conditions

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Title: Comparing Labor Market Performance of Vocational and General School Graduates in Indonesia: Insights from Stable and Crisis Conditions
Language: English
Authors: Kasmad Ariansyah (ORCID 0000-0002-8128-8733), Yanuar Farida Wismayanti, Renny Savitri, Virgiawan Listanto, Azwar Aswin, Madya Putra Yaumil Ahad, Benedicta Retna Cahyarini
Source: Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training. 2024 16.
Availability: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 22
Publication Date: 2024
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Labor Market, Vocational Education, General Education, Graduates, Economic Climate, Foreign Countries, Employment Opportunities, Income, Resilience (Psychology), COVID-19, Pandemics
Geographic Terms: Indonesia
DOI: 10.1186/s40461-024-00160-6
ISSN: 1877-6345
Abstract: This study seeks to investigate the association between distinct tracks of secondary education--namely, vocational school (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, SMK) and general school (Sekolah Menengah Atas, SMA)--and two key labor market outcomes: the duration required for graduates to attain their initial employment and their resilience in the face of pandemic, as measured by changes in average monthly income. While the former sheds light on the outcome under typical circumstances, the latter offers valuable insights into the outcome during periods of crisis. Focused on Indonesia, this research employs Heckman two-step model alongside ordinary least square (OLS) for the first outcome and ordered probit regression for the second. The research draws upon data extracted from the 2021 National Labor Force Survey (Survey Angkatan Kerja Nasional, SAKERNAS). Our results suggest that SMK provides an advantage in securing initial employment compared to SMA, with SMK graduates entering the workforce earlier than their counterparts. Moreover, in terms of resilience during the pandemic, as evidenced by changes in income, SMK graduates exhibit greater resilience, with a higher likelihood of maintaining or even increasing their income compared to SMA graduates. These findings offer valuable implications for both theoretical understanding and practical considerations.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2024
Accession Number: EJ1421326
Database: ERIC
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kasmad+Ariansyah%22">Kasmad Ariansyah</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8128-8733">0000-0002-8128-8733</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yanuar+Farida+Wismayanti%22">Yanuar Farida Wismayanti</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Renny+Savitri%22">Renny Savitri</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Virgiawan+Listanto%22">Virgiawan Listanto</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Azwar+Aswin%22">Azwar Aswin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Madya+Putra+Yaumil+Ahad%22">Madya Putra Yaumil Ahad</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Benedicta+Retna+Cahyarini%22">Benedicta Retna Cahyarini</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Empirical+Research+in+Vocational+Education+and+Training%22"><i>Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training</i></searchLink>. 2024 16.
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  Data: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Labor+Market%22">Labor Market</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vocational+Education%22">Vocational Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22General+Education%22">General Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graduates%22">Graduates</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Economic+Climate%22">Economic Climate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Employment+Opportunities%22">Employment Opportunities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Income%22">Income</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Resilience+%28Psychology%29%22">Resilience (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19%22">COVID-19</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pandemics%22">Pandemics</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indonesia%22">Indonesia</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1186/s40461-024-00160-6
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  Data: 1877-6345
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  Data: This study seeks to investigate the association between distinct tracks of secondary education--namely, vocational school (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, SMK) and general school (Sekolah Menengah Atas, SMA)--and two key labor market outcomes: the duration required for graduates to attain their initial employment and their resilience in the face of pandemic, as measured by changes in average monthly income. While the former sheds light on the outcome under typical circumstances, the latter offers valuable insights into the outcome during periods of crisis. Focused on Indonesia, this research employs Heckman two-step model alongside ordinary least square (OLS) for the first outcome and ordered probit regression for the second. The research draws upon data extracted from the 2021 National Labor Force Survey (Survey Angkatan Kerja Nasional, SAKERNAS). Our results suggest that SMK provides an advantage in securing initial employment compared to SMA, with SMK graduates entering the workforce earlier than their counterparts. Moreover, in terms of resilience during the pandemic, as evidenced by changes in income, SMK graduates exhibit greater resilience, with a higher likelihood of maintaining or even increasing their income compared to SMA graduates. These findings offer valuable implications for both theoretical understanding and practical considerations.
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  Data: 2024
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  Data: EJ1421326
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        Value: 10.1186/s40461-024-00160-6
    Languages:
      – Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 22
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Labor Market
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vocational Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: General Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Graduates
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Economic Climate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Employment Opportunities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Income
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Resilience (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pandemics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Comparing Labor Market Performance of Vocational and General School Graduates in Indonesia: Insights from Stable and Crisis Conditions
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