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Identifying the Barriers to Inclusion and Belonging Experienced by Students and Alumni in Higher Education

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Title: Identifying the Barriers to Inclusion and Belonging Experienced by Students and Alumni in Higher Education
Language: English
Authors: Gilda Spaducci, Theofanis Freiderikos, Tia Nevins, Jermaine Edwards, Jennifer Oates, Tommy Dickinson, Juliet Foster, Salim Hashmi
Source: Psychology Teaching Review. 2024 30(1):32-68.
Availability: British Psychological Society, Division for Teachers & Researchers in Psychology. St Andrews House, 48 Princess Road East, Leicester, LE1 7DR, UK. Tel: +44-1162-529551; Fax: +44-1162-271314; e-mail: directmail@bps.org.uk; Web site: https://www.bps.org.uk/publications/psychology-teaching-review
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 37
Publication Date: 2024
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Tests/Questionnaires
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Barriers, Inclusion, College Students, Student Attitudes, Alumni, Sense of Community, Peer Acceptance, Race, Ethnicity, Racism, Student College Relationship
Geographic Terms: United Kingdom (London)
DOI: 10.53841/bpsptr.2024.30.1.32
ISSN: 0965-948X
2396-9571
Abstract: Students minoritised because of their race and/or ethnicity have a different university experience from their peers, which is reflected in degree completion statistics, awarding gaps, and graduate outcomes. One factor influencing these outcomes is students' sense of inclusion and belonging with the university, which is lower in minoritised students. We aimed to identify whether barriers to inclusion were present across students and alumni in one university, and whether this varied according to ethnic and/or racial backgrounds. Three-hundred and twenty-three students and alumni completed an online questionnaire measuring students' belonging, experience of the curriculum and microaggressions, and 14 students and alumni attended focus groups to further explore the barriers to inclusion and belonging, and proposed recommended actions to reduce these barriers. From the questionnaire, ethnicity and/or race did not influence students' sense of belonging, experience of the curriculum or microaggressions, though having a long-term health condition was consistently associated with these outcomes. However, students' culture and ethnicity/race were consistently reported as factors associated with experiencing obstacles in academia and microaggressions. From the focus groups, three key themes emerged: 1) Hidden racism at the university, which included a prevailing nature of microaggressions and 2) Eurocentric curriculum; that representation is valued in the community and curriculum; and 3) The role of diversity and inclusion initiatives for building community. These findings are discussed in terms of their impact for Higher Education institutions.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2024
Accession Number: EJ1427082
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Identifying the Barriers to Inclusion and Belonging Experienced by Students and Alumni in Higher Education
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gilda+Spaducci%22">Gilda Spaducci</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Theofanis+Freiderikos%22">Theofanis Freiderikos</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tia+Nevins%22">Tia Nevins</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jermaine+Edwards%22">Jermaine Edwards</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jennifer+Oates%22">Jennifer Oates</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tommy+Dickinson%22">Tommy Dickinson</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Juliet+Foster%22">Juliet Foster</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Salim+Hashmi%22">Salim Hashmi</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Psychology+Teaching+Review%22"><i>Psychology Teaching Review</i></searchLink>. 2024 30(1):32-68.
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  Data: British Psychological Society, Division for Teachers & Researchers in Psychology. St Andrews House, 48 Princess Road East, Leicester, LE1 7DR, UK. Tel: +44-1162-529551; Fax: +44-1162-271314; e-mail: directmail@bps.org.uk; Web site: https://www.bps.org.uk/publications/psychology-teaching-review
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  Data: 37
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Barriers%22">Barriers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inclusion%22">Inclusion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Students%22">College Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alumni%22">Alumni</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sense+of+Community%22">Sense of Community</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Peer+Acceptance%22">Peer Acceptance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Race%22">Race</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethnicity%22">Ethnicity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Racism%22">Racism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+College+Relationship%22">Student College Relationship</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.53841/bpsptr.2024.30.1.32
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  Data: 0965-948X<br />2396-9571
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  Data: Students minoritised because of their race and/or ethnicity have a different university experience from their peers, which is reflected in degree completion statistics, awarding gaps, and graduate outcomes. One factor influencing these outcomes is students' sense of inclusion and belonging with the university, which is lower in minoritised students. We aimed to identify whether barriers to inclusion were present across students and alumni in one university, and whether this varied according to ethnic and/or racial backgrounds. Three-hundred and twenty-three students and alumni completed an online questionnaire measuring students' belonging, experience of the curriculum and microaggressions, and 14 students and alumni attended focus groups to further explore the barriers to inclusion and belonging, and proposed recommended actions to reduce these barriers. From the questionnaire, ethnicity and/or race did not influence students' sense of belonging, experience of the curriculum or microaggressions, though having a long-term health condition was consistently associated with these outcomes. However, students' culture and ethnicity/race were consistently reported as factors associated with experiencing obstacles in academia and microaggressions. From the focus groups, three key themes emerged: 1) Hidden racism at the university, which included a prevailing nature of microaggressions and 2) Eurocentric curriculum; that representation is valued in the community and curriculum; and 3) The role of diversity and inclusion initiatives for building community. These findings are discussed in terms of their impact for Higher Education institutions.
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  Data: 2024
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        Value: 10.53841/bpsptr.2024.30.1.32
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      – Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 37
        StartPage: 32
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Higher Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Barriers
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      – SubjectFull: Inclusion
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      – SubjectFull: College Students
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      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Sense of Community
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